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is a traditional style of stand-up comedy in Japanese culture.〔Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). ("Manzai" ) in ''Japan Encyclopedia,'' p. 608.〕 Manzai usually involves two performers (''manzaishi'')—a straight man (''tsukkomi'') and a funny man (''boke'')—trading jokes at great speed. Most of the jokes revolve around mutual misunderstandings, double-talk, puns and other verbal gags. In recent times, ''manzai'' has often been associated with the Osaka region, and ''manzai'' comedians often speak in the Kansai dialect during their acts. Yoshimoto Kogyo, a large entertainment conglomerate based in Osaka, introduced Osaka-style ''manzai'' to Tokyo audiences, and coined the term "漫才" (one of several ways of writing the word ''manzai'' in Japanese; see "etymology" below) in 1933. ==History== Originally based around a festival to welcome the New Year, ''manzai'' traces its origins back to the Heian period. The two ''manzai'' performers came with messages from the gods and this was worked into a standup routine, with one performer showing some sort of opposition to the word of the other. This pattern still exists in the roles of the ''boke'' and the ''tsukkomi''. Continuing into the Edo period, the style focused increasingly on the humor aspects of stand-up, and various regions of Japan developed their own unique styles of ''manzai'', such as , , and . With the arrival of the Meiji Period, began changes that would see it surpass in popularity the styles of the former period, although at the time rakugo was still considered the more popular form of entertainment. The spread of ''manzai'' was largely put to a halt after the conclusion of World War II. With the end of the Taishō period, Yoshimoto Kōgyō—which itself was founded at the beginning of the era, in 1912—introduced a new style of ''manzai'' lacking much of the celebration that had accompanied it in the past. This new style proved successful and spread all over Japan, including Tokyo. Riding on the waves of new communication technology, ''manzai'' quickly spread through the mediums of stage, radio, and eventually, television and video games.〔(Hiragana lesson through Japanese culture – manzai )〕〔(Manzai (Double-act comedy) )〕〔(Japanese yose theater – Japanese comedy shows )〕〔Corkill, Edan, "(Yoshimoto Kogyo play reveals manzai's U.S. roots )", ''Japan Times'', 25 May 2012, p. 13〕〔Ashcraft, Brian, "(Ni no Kuni’s Funny Bone Has Quite the History )", ''Kotaku'', 5 October 2011〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Manzai」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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