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Kingdom of Mapungubwe
The Kingdom of Mapungubwe (1075–1220) was a pre-colonial state in Southern Africa located at the confluence of the Shashe and Limpopo rivers (), south of Great Zimbabwe.〔Hall, page 35〕 The kingdom was the first stage in a development that would culminate in the creation of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe in the 13th century,〔Hrbek, page 373〕 and with gold trading links to Rhapta and Kilwa Kisiwani on the African east coast. The Kingdom of Mapungubwe lasted about 80 years, and at its height its population was about 5000 people.
==Origin==
The largest settlement from what has been dubbed the Leopard's Kopje culture, is known as K2 culture and was the immediate predecessor to the settlement of Mapungubwe.〔Hrbek, page 322〕 The people from K2 culture, probably derived from the ancestral Khoi culture, were attracted to the Shashi-Limpopo area, likely because it provided mixed agricultural possibilities.〔Hrbek, page 323〕 The area was also prime elephant country, providing access to valuable ivory. The control of the gold and ivory trade greatly increased the political power of the K2 culture.〔Hrbek, page 326〕 By 1075, the population of K2 had outgrown the area and relocated to Mapungubwe Hill.〔Hrbek, page 324〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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