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Mapusaurus
''Mapusaurus'' ("earth lizard") was a giant carnosaurian dinosaur from the early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian stage) of what is now Argentina.
==Description==
It was similar in size to its close relative ''Giganotosaurus'', with the largest known individuals estimated as over in length and weighing approximately . The longest individual for which Coria and Currie (2006) provided an estimate is the animal to which femur MCF-PVPH-208.203 belonged; this individual is estimated as long. Coria and Currie note the presence of isolated bones from at least one longer individual, but do not provide a figure, instead finding the larger bones comparable in size to those from a ''Giganotosaurus'' estimated at in length. Maximum length is thus unknown but greater than . The weight estimate is from another femur (MCF-PVPH-208.234). It was furthermore concluded that the largest remain, a pubic shaft, was 110% the size of the ''Giganotosaurus'' holotype. In an analysis on the cranial anatomy of carcharodontosaurids, Drew Eddy and Julia Clarke (2011) estimated the size of ''Mapusaurus'' at 12.6 meters long (41 feet), this estimate was repeated in a calibrated phylogenetic table in a 2014 analysis by Canale ''et al''.
Coria and Currie diagnosed ''Mapusaurus'' as follows: "''Mapusaurus'' n. gen. is a carcharodontosaurid theropod whose skull differs from ''Giganotosaurus'' in having thick, rugose unfused nasals that are narrower anterior to the nasal/maxilla/lacrimal junction; larger extension of the antorbital fossa onto maxilla; smaller maxillary fenestra; wider bar (interfenestral strut) between antorbital and maxillary fenestrae; lower, flatter lacrimal horn; transversely wider prefrontal in relation to lacrimal width; ventrolaterally curving lateral margin of the palpebral; shallow interdental plates; higher position of Meckelian canal; more posteriorly sloping anteroventral margin of dentary. ''Mapusaurus roseae'' is unique in that the upper quadratojugal process of jugal splits into two prongs; small anterior mylohyoid foramen positioned above dentary contact with splenial; second and third metacarpals fused; humerus with broad distal end and little separation between condyles; the brevis fossa of the ilium extends deeply into excavation dorsal to ischial peduncle. It also differs from ''Giganotosaurus'' in having conical, slightly curving cervical epipophyses that taper distally; axial posterior zygapohyses joined on midline; smaller and less elaborate prespinal lamina on midline of cervicals; remarkably sharp dorsal margin of cervical neural spines; tall, wider neural spines; curved ischiatic shaft; more slender fibula."〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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