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''Marasmius'' is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi in the family Marasmiaceae. It contains about 500 species of agarics,〔 of which a few, such as ''Marasmius oreades'', are edible. However, most members of this genus are small, unimpressive brown mushrooms. Their humble appearance contributes to their not being readily distinguishable to non-specialists, and they are therefore seldom collected by mushroom hunters. Several of the species are known to grow in the characteristic fairy ring pattern. The author of the genus was Elias Magnus Fries,〔See record in (Index Fungorum )〕 who in 1838〔E. M. Fries ''Epicrisis systematis mycologici'' (1838) Uppsala: Typographia Academica〕 classified white-spored agarics having a tough central stipe in this taxon if they were marcescent, i.e. they could dry out, but later revive when moistened. For Fries, marcescence (by contrast with the "putrescent" (decomposing) nature of most mushrooms) was an important character for classification, which he used to separate this group from genus ''Collybia'' (which has now been split into many newer genera). The name ''Marasmius'' itself comes from a Greek word ''marasmos'', meaning "drying out". Modern mycologists no longer consider the marcescence/putrescence distinction a reliable criterion for taxonomy, but Fries's definition of the genus is still roughly applicable. ==Species== Selected species, for a complete list see List of Marasmius species: *''M. alliaceus'' - garlic parachute *''M. amazonicus'' *''M. androsaceus'' - horsehair parachute *''M. anomalus'' *''M. atrocastaneus'' *''M. auklandicus'' *''M. aurantiobasalis'' *''M. bambusinus'' *''M. bellus'' *''M. bulliardii'' *''M. buxi'' - box parachute *''M. caperatus'' *''M. capillaris'' *''M. caricis'' *''M. chordalis'' *''M. cladophyllus'' *''M. cohaerens'' *''M. collinus'' *''M. corbariensis'' *''M. crinis-equi'' *''M. croceus'' *''M. curranii'' *''M. curreyi'' *''M. cylindraceocampanulatus'' *''M. delicatus'' *''M. delectans'' *''M. elegans'' - velvet parachute *''M. epiphylloides'' *''M. epiphyllus'' - leaf parachute *''M. exocarpi'' *''M. exustoides'' *''M. favrei'' *''M. fishii'' *''M. fulvoferrugineus'' *''M. funalis'' *''M. galbinus'' *''M. gelatinosipes'' *''M. graminum'' *''M. haematocephalus'' *''M. hudsonii'' - holly parachute *''M. nigripes'' *''M. insititius'' *''M. kanukaneus'' *''M. koae'' *''M. kroumirensis'' *''M. limosus'' *''M. masonii'' *''M. meridionalis'' *''M. micraster'' *''M. midnapurensis'' *''M. minutus'' *''M. oreades'' - fairy ring mushroom *''M. otagensis'' *''M. pallenticeps'' *''M. palmivorus'' *''M. perforans'' *''M. perpusillus'' *''M. phalaricola'' *''M. podocarpicola'' *''M. prasiosmus'' *''M. pulcherripes'' *''M. pyrrhocephalus'' *''M. pusillissimus'' *''M. pusio'' *''M. quercophilus'' *''M. resinosus'' *''M. rhombisporus'' *''M. rhopalostylidis'' *''M. rimuphilus'' *''M. rosulatus'' *''M. rotula'' - collared parachute or pinwheel mushroom *''M. sacchari'' *''M. saccharinus'' *''M. sasicola'' *''M. semiustus'' *''M. setosus'' *''M. siccus'' *''M. spaniophyllus'' *''M. splachnoides'' *''M. subsupinus'' *''M. stenophyllus'' *''M. strictipes'' *''M. sullivantii'' *''M. tenuiparietalis'' *''M. tenuissimus'' *''M. tinctorius'' *''M. torquescens'' *''M. unilamellatus'' *''M. wettsteinii'' *''M. wynneae'' - pearly parachute 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marasmius」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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