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Margamkali (Malayalam:മാര്ഗ്ഗംകളി) is a group dance of Kerala practiced by Jewish Christians (also known as Knanaya or Nasrani) who trace their origins to the evangelistic activity of Thomas the Apostle among Jews and natives in the 1st century.〔http://nasrani.net/2009/05/04/margam-kali-history-theme-early-reference-and-modern-developments/〕 ==History== There are several different opinions on the origin of Margamkali. Three are: # Most probably its derived from “Thiruvathira Kali” a Hindu festival celebrated in the South Indian state of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. # It is traced back to Jewish wedding songs and dance from the diaspora.〔Neumann K (1998) "Mond, Gott Siva und heiliger Thomas: Die religiöse Gemeinschaft der Knanaya in Kerala" Universität Marburg p 150〕 Scholars have found common origin among Malabar Jewish dance and songs and the Saint Thomas Christian dance form of Margamkali.〔〔Vellian, J (1990) 'Crown, veil, cross : marriage rites' in Syrian churches series, vol 15 p 30〕 # It is derived from Sangam kali, a performance dance form of Brahmins.〔http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/article1821007.ece?css=print〕〔Ulloor Parameswara Iyer - Kerala Sahithya Charithram〕 # It is derived from the ''Yathra Kali'', a performance art of Nambuthiri Brahmins in Kerala.〔M.V. Vishnu Namboothiri, Dictionary of folklore, page 529〕 "Margam" means path or way or solution in Malayalam, but in the religious context it is known as the path to attain salvation. The process of conversion to Christianity was known as "Margam Koodal" until recently in Kerala.Much of this folk art is woven around the mission of St. Thomas, the Apostle. The original Margam Kali describes the arrival of St. Thomas in Malabar, the miracles he performed, the friendship as well as the hostility of the people among whom he worked, the persecution he suffered, the churches and crosses he put up in various places, etc. These details are incorporated in the various stanzas of the Margam Kali songs. Kerala's Margam Kali is an important element in the age-old and hallowed tradition of St Thomas among the Syrian Christians of Malabar Coast.〔 K.C. Zacharia - THE SYRIAN CHRISTIANS OF KERALA: DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIOECONOMIC TRANSITION IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY〕 The disparity between the present condition of this form and the early days leads one to assume three important phases in the history of Margamkali. The first phase was the pre-colonization one in which this semi-theatrical form was performed by the Saint Thomas Christians during special occasions. That time ''Parichamuttu Kali'' (The sword and shield dance) was a part of it. Later Synod of Diamper curbed and suppressed this native form. During the last seventeenth century, due to the efforts of a Southist priest Itti Thomman Kathanar, the textual part of this form got certain upliftment and care. The Margamkali might have been edited and refashioned into the present fourteen stanza structure during this time. However, till the fag end of the nineteenth century the art form was not very much in practice even though it did exist here and there. But at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of twenteenth century, the form became popular once again and some structural changes took place then. Masters such as Kalarikal Unni ashan, Indumoottil Kocheppu ashan, Indumoottil Kutto ashan were some of them who were responsible for this change and upheaval. By this time puttan Purikkal Uthuppu Lukose compiled and published ''Margamkali Pattukal'' in 1910. Then again it had a set-back and during the 1950s to 1970s it was on the verge of becoming extinct. But in the late 1970s once again the Saint Thomas Christians took the initiative to revive and popularise this form. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Margam Kali」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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