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Ma'rib
(詳細はMa'rib Governorate, Yemen and was the capital of the Sabaean kingdom, which some scholars believe to be the ancient Sheba of biblical fame.〔name=Sheba-01>〕 It is located at , approximately 120 kilometers east of Yemen's modern capital, Sana'a. It has a current population of 16,794. In 2011 Ma'rib has been referred to as "the Al Qaeda capital of Yemen".〔http://www.gq.com/news-politics/newsmakers/201107/anwar-al-awlaki-profile〕
==History==
(詳細はYemen. The Sabaean kings made their capital at Ma'rib, and built great irrigation works such as the Ma'rib dams, whose ruins are still visible. The Marib Dam supported a flourishing culture for more than a thousand years; its collapse in 575 CE, before the birth of Muhammad, may be one of the main reasons that Arabia did not become Christian.〔''Christianity'', p.245〕 They also built castles and temples in the area, and were known for trading the valuable frankincense〔 and myrrh.〔''Age of Faith'', p. 156〕 They were a seafaring people and were known to have influence and a population in the Northeast African kingdom of Dʿmt, across the Red Sea in Eritrea and Ethiopia, the only other source of both frankincense and myrrh.
In 25 B.C., Aelius Gallus led "an expedition to Ma'rib (Yemen)."〔Chris Scarre, ''The Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Rome'' (London: Penguin Books, 1995), 9. (also Augustus' ''Res Getae'' 26)〕
The site of ancient Ma'rib was largely abandoned during the 20th century. Although a small village remains, the multi-story mud-brick buildings of the historic city are largely in ruins. The modern city of Ma'rib is located about 3.5 kilometers north of the center of the ancient city.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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