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The marimba () is a percussion instrument consisting of a set of wooden bars struck with mallets to produce musical tones. Resonators attached to the bars amplify their sound. The bars are arranged as those of a piano, with the accidentals raised vertically and overlapping the natural bars (similar to a piano) to aid the performer both visually and physically. This instrument is a type of idiophone, but with a more resonant and lower-pitched tessitura than the xylophone. The chromatic marimba was developed in Chiapas, Mexico〔http://todochiapas.mx/2009/02/la-marimba-de-chiapas-su-historia〕〔Helmut Brenner: ''Marimbas in Lateinamerika. Historische Fakten und Status quo der Marimbatraditionen in Mexiko, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Kolumbien, Ecuador und Brasilien'' (=Studien und Materialien zur Musikwissenschaft 43), Hildesheim–Zürich–New York: Georg Olms Verlag, 2007.〕 from the local diatonic marimba, an instrument whose ancestor was a type of balafon that African slaves built in Central America. Modern uses of the marimba include solo performances, woodwind and brass ensembles, marimba concertos, jazz ensembles, marching band (front ensembles), drum and bugle corps, and orchestral compositions. Contemporary composers have used the unique sound of the marimba more and more in recent years. A player of the Marimba can be called a ''Marimbist'' or a ''Marimba Player''. == History == Xylophones are widely used in music of west and central Africa. The name ''marimba'' stems from Bantu ''marimba'' or ''malimba'', 'xylophone'. The word 'marimba' is formed from ''ma'' 'many' and ''rimba'' 'single-bar xylophone'.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Marimba )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Marimba > History )〕 Diatonic xylophones were introduced to Central America in the 16th or 17th century. First historical record of Mayan musicians using gourd resonator marimbas in Guatemala was made in 1680, by the historian Domingo Juarros. It became more widespread during the 18th and 19th centuries, as Mayan and Ladino ensembles started using it on festivals. In 1821, marimba was proclaimed the national instrument of Guatemala on its independence proclamation. The gourd resonators were later replaced by harmonic wooden boxes, and the keyboard was expanded to about five diatonic octaves. Variants with slats made of steel, glass or bamboo instead of wood appeared during the 19th century. In 1892, Corazón de Jesús Borras Moreno, a musician from Chiapas, expanded marimba to include the chromatic scale by adding another row of sound bars, akin to black keys on the piano.〔http://www.noticiasnet.mx/portal/chiapas/fama/artes/99541-marimba-madera-que-tambien-cambia〕 The name ''marimba'' was later applied to the orchestra instrument inspired by the Latin American model. In the United States, companies like Deagan and Leedy company adapted the Latino American instruments for use in western music. Metal tubes were used as resonators, fine-tuned by rotating metal discs at the bottom; lowest note tubes were U-shaped. The marimbas were first used for light music and dance, such as Vaudeville theater and comedy shows.〔 Clair Omar Musser was a chief proponent of marimba in the United States at the time. French composer Darius Milhaud made the ground-breaking introduction of marimbas into Western classical music in his 1947 ''Concerto for Marimba and Vibraphone''. Newly invented four-mallet grip enabled playing chords, and the innovation enhanced the interest for the instrument.〔 In the late 20th century, modernist and contemporary composers found new ways to use marimba: notable examples include Leoš Janáček (''Jenufa''), Carl Orff (''Antigonae''), Karl Amadeus Hartmann, Hans Werner Henze (''Elegy for Young Lovers''), Pierre Boulez (''Le marteau sans maître'') and Steve Reich.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marimba」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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