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The Mariology of the popes is the theological study of the influence that the popes have had on the development, formulation and transformation of the Roman Catholic Church’s doctrines and devotions relating to the Blessed Virgin Mary.〔Msgr. Charles Mangan in ''Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons, seminarians, and Consecrated Persons'' ISBN 1-57918-355-7, 2008 edited by M. Miravalle, pages 530-540〕 The development of Mariology over the centuries has been influenced by a number of forces and factors, among which papal directives and decisions have often represented key milestones. Examples of papal influences include new Marian feast days, prayers, acceptance of new Marian congregations, indulgences, support for Marian apparitions (e.g. Lourdes and Fatima) and declaration of Marian dogmas.〔 A number of popes have made Marian themes a key part of their papacy, e.g. Leo XIII issued a record eleven encyclicals on the rosary, Pius XII invoked the first (and to date only) case of ''ex cathedra'' papal infallibility to establish a Marian dogma and John Paul II built his personal coat of arms around the Marian Cross.〔 Popes have also highlighted the key Catholic Mariological theme of the link between the study of Mary and the development of a full Christology, e.g. as in Pius XII's ''Mystici corporis Christi'' and John Paul II's ''Redemptoris Mater'', and Benedict XVI reorientation of the Church based on his position that "It is necessary to go back to Mary if we want to return to that 'truth about Jesus Christ', 'truth about the Church' and 'truth about man'".〔 ==Papal influences on Mariology== Popes were highly important for the development of doctrine and the veneration of the Blessed Virgin.〔''Mary for Time and Eternity'' by William M. McLoughlin and Jill Pinnock 2007 ISBN 0-85244-651-9 pages 65-67〕 They made decisions not only in the area of Marian beliefs (Mariology) but also Marian practices and devotions. Before the twentieth century, Popes promulgated Marian veneration and beliefs by authorizing: * new Marian feast days, * Marian prayers and initiatives, * acceptance and support of Marian congregations, * indulgences and special privileges * support for Marian devotions. An example is the actions of Pope Pius V regarding the Battle of Lepanto in 1571 and his request to the people of Europeans to pray the rosary, followed by his declaration of a feast that became the Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary, and the papal bull Consueverunt Romani Pontifices which established the form of the devotion to the rosary.〔''Butler's Lives Of The Saints'' (April) by Alban Butler (1999) ISBN 0-86012-253-0 page 222〕 The formal recognition of Marian apparitions (such as more recently in Lourdes and Fatima) has also been influential. Since Pope Leo XIII, Popes promulgated Mariology with encyclicals, Apostolic Letters and with two dogmas (Immaculate Conception and Assumption) the promulgation of Marian years (Pius XII, John Paul II), the visit to Marian shrines (Benedict XVI in 2007) and by actively supporting the fathers of Vatican II as they highlighted the importance of Marian veneration (Pope John XXIII and Paul VI) in ''Lumen gentium''. Popes also limited and restricted outgrowth of Marian venerations and teaching. Popular views like the Assumption and the Immaculate Conception developed into Papal teaching over time. In 1674 Pope Clement X (1670–1676) indexed books on Marian piety.〔such as Avvisi salutary della virgine ai suoi devoti indiscreti〕 After the Council of Trent, ''Marian fraternities'' were founded, fostering Marian piety,〔often on occupational lines (bakers, butchers etc)〕 some of which were outlawed by Popes. Not all Popes viewed Marian belief identically. Louis de Montfort was condemned in a Papal bull by Pope Clement X only to be praised by Pope Clement XI, and canonized by Pope Pius XII. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mariology of the popes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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