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}} Robert Nesta "Bob" Marley, OM (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981) was a Jamaican reggae singer, song writer, musician, and guitarist who achieved international fame and acclaim. Starting out in 1963 with the group The Wailers, he forged a distinctive songwriting and vocal style that would later resonate with audiences worldwide. The Wailers would go on to release some of the earliest reggae records with producer Lee Scratch Perry.〔(Bunny Lee Interview ) at Reggae Vibes. Interviewer: Peter I. Retrieved 23 August 2013.〕 After the Wailers disbanded in 1974,〔(Aston "Family Man" Barrett Interview ) at Pure Guitar. Interviewer: Jas Obrecht. Published 19 February 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2013.〕 Marley pursued a solo career upon his relocation to England that culminated in the release of the album ''Exodus'' in 1977, which established his worldwide reputation and produced his status as one of the world's best-selling artists of all time, with sales of more than 75 million records. ''Exodus'' stayed on the British album charts for fifty-six consecutive weeks. It included four UK hit singles: "Exodus", "Waiting in Vain", "Jamming", and "One Love". In 1978 he released the album ''Kaya'', which included the hit singles "Is This Love" and "Satisfy My Soul". Diagnosed with a type of malignant melanoma in 1977, Marley died on 11 May 1981 in Miami at the age of 36. He was a committed Rastafari who infused his music with a sense of spirituality. He is considered one of the most influential musicians of all time and credited with popularizing reggae music around the world, as well as serving as a symbol of Jamaican culture and identity. Marley has also evolved into a global symbol, which has been endlessly merchandised through a variety of mediums. == Early life and career == Robert Nesta Marley was born on the farm of his maternal grandfather in Nine Mile, Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica, to Norval Sinclair Marley (1885–1955) and Cedella Booker (1926–2008). Norval Marley was a British-born European-Jamaican from Sussex England, whose family was rumored to have Syrian Jewish origins.〔Observer Reporter, "Ziggy Marley to adopt Judaism?", ''The Jamaica Observer'', Thursday, 13 April 2006: "Of further interest, Ziggy's grandfather Norval, is of Syrian-Jewish extraction... This was confirmed by Heather Marley, who is the daughter of Noel Marley, Norval's brother."〕〔Jean-Pierre Hombach, ''Bob Marley: The Father of Music'', Lulu, 2012 (ISBN 9781471620454), p. 52: "Marley family members, such as Norval's nephew Michael George Marley have stated that he was a descendant of Syrian Jews... Michael George Marley revealed:"... I was told by my mother, grandmother and uncle, () the Marleys were Syrian Jews who migrated from the Middle East to England and then to Jamaica."〕〔''The Real Revolutionary'', by Rob Kenner, Vibe, May 2006, Vol. 14, No. 5 (Vibe Media Group ISSN 1070-4701), p. 118.〕 Norval claimed to have been a captain in the Royal Marines,〔(Bob Marley: the regret that haunted his life ) Tim Adams, ''The Observer'', Sunday 8 April 2012〕 though at the time of his marriage to Cedella Booker, an African-Jamaican then 18 years old, he was employed as a plantation overseer.〔 Though Bob Marley was named Nesta Robert Marley, a Jamaican passport official would later reverse his first and middle names.〔Stephen Davis, as early as 1983, wrote that "his name was changed from Nesta Robert to Robert Nesta Marley, at the suggestion of the passport clerk, who thought Nesta sounded like a girl's name."〕 Norval provided financial support for his wife and child but seldom saw them as he was often away. Bob Marley attended Stepney Primary and Junior High School which serves the catchment area of Saint Ann.〔(Stepney Primary and Junior High School ) Bob Marley Foundation. Published 16 September 2009. Retrieved 1 September 2013.〕 In 1955, when Bob Marley was 10 years old, his father died of a heart attack at the age of 70. Marley and Neville Livingston (later known as Bunny Wailer) had been childhood friends in Nine Mile. They had started to play music together while at Stepney Primary and Junior High School.〔(The Last Wailer – Bunny Wailer interview ) at GQ. Interviewer: John Jeremiah Sullivan. Published January 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2013.〕 Marley left Nine Mile with his mother when he was 12 and moved to Trenchtown, Kingston. Cedella Booker and Thadeus Livingston (Bunny Wailer's father) had a daughter together whom they named Pearl, who was a younger sister to both Bob and Bunny. Now that Marley and Livingston were living together in the same house in Trenchtown, their musical explorations deepened to include the latest R&B from American radio stations whose broadcasts reached Jamaica, and the new Ska music.〔(Bob Marley’s Early Years: From Nine Miles To London ) Jas Obrecht Music Archive. Retrieved 8 November 2013.〕 The move to Trenchtown was proving to be fortuitous, and Marley soon found himself in a vocal group with Bunny Wailer, Peter Tosh, Beverley Kelso and Junior Braithwaite. Joe Higgs, who was part of the successful vocal act Higgs and Wilson, resided on 3rd St., and his singing partner Roy Wilson had been raised by the grandmother of Junior Braithwaite. Higgs and Wilson would rehearse at the back of the houses between 2nd and 3rd Streets, and it wasn't long before Marley (now residing on 2nd St), Junior Braithwaite and the others were congregating around this successful duo.〔(Junior Braithwaite interview at iration ). Date: 5 May 1985. Interviewer: Roger Steffens. Retrieved 7 November 2013.〕 Marley and the others didn't play any instruments at this time, and were more interested in being a vocal harmony group. Higgs was glad to help them develop their vocal harmonies, although more importantly, he had started to teach Marley how to play guitar—thereby creating the bedrock that would later allow Marley to construct some of the biggest-selling reggae songs in the history of the genre.〔Chuck Foster, ("Joe Higgs – No Man Could Stop The Source" ). Retrieved 12 November 2013.〕〔Jon Pareles, ("Joe Higgs, 59, Reggae Performer; Taught a Generation of Singers" ), ''New York Times'', 22 December 1999. Retrieved 12 November 2013.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bob Marley」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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