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Marmifera
The Marmifera, full name (イタリア語:'Ferrovia Marmifera Privata di Carrara') ("private marble railway of Carrara"), was an Italian industrial railway used for the transport of Carrara marble from the quarries of the municipal territory of Carrara, Tuscany. The route extended from the hillside village of Colonnata to the port of Marina di Carrara.〔 (Infos on the Marmifera di Carrara website )〕
== History ==
The railway, projected in 1866, was inaugurated in 1876 and was connected to the pre-existent Avenza-Carrara railway (1866),〔 (Avenza-Carrara railway on ferrovieabbandonate.it (site about abandoned railways) )〕 linking the main station of Carrara Avenza to Carrara San Martino, in city centre.〔 (History of Marmifera di Carrara (part 2) )〕 A subsequent expansion to the quarries below the Apuan Alps (Gioia, Ravaccione-Polvaccio and Colonnata) was proposed in 1885. Work began in 1887 and the new branch was inaugurated on 15 May 1890.〔 (History of Marmifera di Carrara (part 3) )〕〔 (The "Marmifera" railway on "Carrara Online" )〕 The line was owned by the SFMPC (Società Ferrovia Marmifera Privata di Carrara) and operated by the SFAI (Società per le strade ferrate dell'Alta Italia).〔 (Article about the Marmifera and SFMPC on Carrara official municipal website )〕
Even if its bridges were damaged by bombings and sabotages during the Second World War, the line was practically in continuous operation from 1876 to 1964, when it was closed due to competition from road traffic. In 1969 it was closed also the passenger route Avenza-Carrara and the rail tracks dismantled.〔 (History of Marmifera di Carrara (part 5) )〕
Nowadays, apart Avenza FS station, the only area in which the railway is operating is the port of Carrara, connected to the Pisa-La Spezia-Genoa line with a pair of industrial lines. It is part of a route of industrial archaeology and, since 2003 its stations, quarries and bridges over the Vara, have been included in the Archaeological Park of the Apuan Alps.〔〔 (List of possible heritage sites in the Apuan Alps National Park (see page 3, section 7) )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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