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Marsupials are an infraclass of mammals living primarily in Australasia and the Americas. A distinctive characteristic, common to most species, is that the young are carried in a pouch. Well-known marsupials include kangaroos, wallabies, the koala, possums, opossums, wombats and the Tasmanian devil. Other marsupials include the numbat, bandicoots, bettongs, the bilby, quolls, and the quokka. Marsupials represent the clade originating with the last common ancestor of extant metatherians. Like other mammals in the Metatheria, they are characterized by giving birth to relatively undeveloped young, often residing in a pouch with the mother for a certain time after birth. Close to 70% of the 334 extant species occur in the Australian continent (the mainland, Tasmania, New Guinea and nearby islands) with the remaining 100 found in the Americas, primarily in South America, but with thirteen in Central America, and one in North America north of Mexico. ==Taxonomy== Taxonomically, the two primary divisions of Marsupialia traditionally are: American marsupials and the Australian marsupials. However, the order Microbiotheria (which has only one species, the monito del monte) is found in South America, but is believed to be more closely related to the Australian marsupials. There are many small arboreal species in each group. The term 'opossums' is properly used to refer to the American species (though 'possum' is a common diminutive), while similar Australian species are properly called 'possums'. Similarly, shrew opossums are more closely related to australidelphians than to true opossums. More recently, it has been suggested that marsupial moles and thingodonts are actually not marsupials at all, but surviving dryolestoids.〔Federico Agnolin,Nicolás Chimento, Morphological evidence supports Dryolestoid affinities for the living Australian marsupial mole Notoryctes, DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.755v1, ISSN: 2333-9721〕 †Extinct * Order Didelphimorphia (93 species) * * * Family Didelphidae: opossums * Order Paucituberculata (six species) * * * Family Caenolestidae: shrew opossums * Superorder Australidelphia * * Order Microbiotheria (one species) * * * Family Microbiotheriidae: monito del monte * * ?Order †Yalkaparidontia * * Order Dasyuromorphia (75 species) * * * Family †Thylacinidae: thylacine * * * Family Dasyuridae: antechinuses, quolls, dunnarts, Tasmanian devil, and relatives * * * Family Myrmecobiidae: numbat * * Order Peramelemorphia (24 species) * * * Family Thylacomyidae: bilbies * * * Family †Chaeropodidae: pig-footed bandicoot * * * Family Peramelidae: bandicoots and allies * * ?Order Notoryctemorphia (two species) * * * ?Family Notoryctidae: marsupial moles * * Order Diprotodontia (137 species) * * * Family Phascolarctidae: koalas * * * Family Vombatidae: wombats * * * Family †Diprotodontidae: diprotodon * * * Family Phalangeridae: brushtail possums and cuscuses * * * Family Burramyidae: pygmy possums * * * Family Tarsipedidae: honey possum * * * Family Petauridae: striped possum, Leadbeater's possum, yellow-bellied glider, sugar glider, mahogany glider, squirrel glider * * * Family Pseudocheiridae: ringtailed possums and relatives * * * Family Potoroidae: potoroos, rat kangaroos, bettongs * * * Family Acrobatidae: feathertail glider and feather-tailed possum * * * Family Hypsiprymnodontidae: musky rat-kangaroo * * * Family Macropodidae: kangaroos, wallabies, and relatives * * * Family †Thylacoleonidae: marsupial lions 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marsupial」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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