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Masaccio (; December 21, 1401 – summer 1428), born Tommaso di Ser Giovanni di Simone, was the first great Italian painter of the Quattrocento period of the Italian Renaissance. According to Vasari, Masaccio was the best painter of his generation because of his skill at recreating lifelike figures and movements as well as a convincing sense of three-dimensionality.〔Giorgio Vasari, ''Le Vite de' piu eccellenti pittori, scultori ed architettori,'' ed. Gaetano Milanesi, Florence, 1906, II, 287-288.〕 Masaccio died at twenty-six and little is known about the exact circumstances of his death.〔(The Guardian, ''Masaccio, the old master who died young'' )〕 The name Masaccio is a humorous version of Maso (short for Tommaso), meaning "clumsy" or "messy" Tom. The name may have been created to distinguish him from his principal collaborator, also called Maso, who came to be known as Masolino ("little/delicate Tom"). Despite his brief career, he had a profound influence on other artists. He was one of the first to use linear perspective in his painting, employing techniques such as vanishing point in art for the first time. He also moved away from the International Gothic style and elaborate ornamentation of artists like Gentile da Fabriano to a more naturalistic mode that employed perspective and chiaroscuro for greater realism. ==Early life== Masaccio was born to Giovanni di Simone Cassai and Jacopa di Martinozzo in Castel San Giovanni di Altura, now San Giovanni Valdarno (today part of the province of Arezzo, Tuscany).〔John T. Spike, ''Masaccio,'' New York: 1996, 21-64, and Diane Cole Ahl, ''The Cambridge Companion to Masaccio,'' Cambridge, 2002, 3-5.〕 His father was a notary and his mother the daughter of an innkeeper of Barberino di Mugello, a town a few miles north of Florence. His family name, Cassai, comes from the trade of his paternal grandfather Simone and granduncle Lorenzo, who were carpenters - cabinet makers ("casse", hence "cassai"). Masaccio's father died in 1406, when he was only five; later that same year a brother was born, named Giovanni (1406–1486) after his father. He also was to become a painter, with the nickname of lo Scheggia meaning "the splinter."〔On Giovanni's career, see Luciano Bellosi and Margaret Haines, ''Lo Scheggia,'' Florence, 1999.〕 In 1412 Monna Jacopa married an elderly apothecary, Tedesco di maestro Feo, who already had several daughters, one of whom grew up to marry the only other documented painter from Castel San Giovanni, Mariotto di Cristofano (1393–1457). There is no evidence for Masaccio's artistic education.〔Vasari (II, 295) implies that Masolino was Masaccio's teacher, but the earliest known work by Masaccio (the ''San Giovenale Triptych'') is painted in a style so different from Masolino's approach that it is hard to tie the two together (Luciano Berti, "Masaccio 1422," ''Commentari'' 12 (1961) 84-107. Scholars cannot agree on any teacher for the young artist, though several names (Mariotto di Cristofano, Bicci di Lorenzo, Niccolo di ser Lapo) have been put forward. Recently scholars have also suggested that he may have trained as a manuscript illuminator. Roberto Bellucci and Cecilia Frosinini, "Masaccio: Technique in Context," in ''The Cambridge Companion to Masaccio,'' ed. Diane Cole Ahl, Cambridge, 2002, 105-122.〕 (Renaissance painters traditionally began an apprenticeship with an established master at about the age of 12.) Masaccio would likely have had to move to Florence to receive his training, but he was not documented in the city until he joined the painters guild (the Arte de' Medici e Speziali) as an independent master on January 7, 1422, signing as "Masus S. Johannis Simonis pictor populi S. Nicholae de Florentia." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Masaccio」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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