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Mask
A mask is an object normally worn on the face, typically for protection, disguise, performance or entertainment. Masks have been used since antiquity for both ceremonial and practical purposes. They are usually worn on the face, although they may also be positioned for effect elsewhere on the wearer's body. In parts of Australia, giant totem masks cover the body, whilst Inuit women use finger masks during storytelling and dancing.〔The Living Tradition of Yup'ik Masks; Anne Feinup-Riordan; University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1996; ISBN 0295975016〕
==Etymology==
The word "mask" appeared in English in the 1530s, from Middle French ''masque'' "covering to hide or guard the face", derived in turn from Italian ''maschera'', from Medieval Latin ''masca'' "mask, specter, nightmare". This word is of uncertain origin, perhaps from Arabic ''maskharah'' مَسْخَرَۃٌ "buffoon", from the verb ''sakhira'' "to ridicule". However, it may also come from Provençal ''mascarar'' "to black (the face)" (or the related Catalan ''mascarar'', Old French ''mascurer''). This in turn is of uncertain origin — perhaps from a Germanic source akin to English "mesh", but perhaps from ''mask-'' "black", a borrowing from a pre-Indo-European language.〔See Walther von Wartburg, "Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch: Eine Darstellung galloromanischen sprachschatzes".〕 One German author claims the word "mask" is originally derived from the Spanish ''más que la cara'' (literally, "more than the face" or "added face"), which evolved to "máscara", while the Arabic "maskharat" - referring to the buffoonery which is possible only by disguising the face - would be based on these Spanish roots.〔Markus Kupferblum, "Menschen, masken, Charaktere: the Arbeit mit Masken am Theater", in: Eva Kreissl (ed.), ''Die Macht der Maske''. Weitra, Austria: Bibliothek der Provinz Verlag für Literatur, Kunst und Musikalien, 2007, p. 165, 193n.〕 Other related forms are Hebrew ''masecha''= "mask"; Arabic ''maskhara'' مَسْخَرَ = "he ridiculed, he mocked", ''masakha'' مَسَخَ = "he transfomed" (transitive).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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