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Mastoiditis
Mastoiditis is the result of an infection that extends to the air cells of the skull behind the ear. Specifically, it is an inflammation of the mucosal lining of the mastoid antrum and mastoid air cell system inside〔Diseases of ear nose & throat by PL dhingra & shruti dhingra. published by elsevier〕 the mastoid process. The mastoid process is the portion of the temporal bone of the skull that is behind the ear which contains open, air-containing spaces.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mastoiditis )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=webmd.com )〕 Mastoiditis is usually caused by untreated acute otitis media (middle ear infection) and used to be a leading cause of child mortality. With the development of antibiotics, however, mastoiditis has become quite rare in developed countries where surgical treatment is now much less frequent and more conservative, unlike former times.〔 Additionally, there is no evidence that the drop in antibiotic prescribing for otitis media has increased the incidence of mastoiditis. Untreated, the infection can spread to surrounding structures, including the brain, causing serious complications.
==Signs and symptoms==
Some common symptoms and signs of mastoiditis include pain, tenderness, and swelling in the mastoid region. There may be ear pain (otalgia), and the ear or mastoid region may be red (erythematous). Fever or headaches may also be present. Infants usually show nonspecific symptoms, including anorexia, diarrhea, or irritability. Drainage from the ear occurs in more serious cases, often manifest as brown discharge on the pillowcase upon waking.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= What to Do About Ear infections )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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