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Henri-Émile-Benoît Matisse (; 31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954) was a French artist, known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. He was a draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but is known primarily as a painter. Matisse is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso and Marcel Duchamp, as one of the three artists who helped to define the revolutionary developments in the plastic arts in the opening decades of the twentieth century, responsible for significant developments in painting and sculpture.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tate Modern: Matisse Picasso )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Trachtman, Paul, ''Matisse & Picasso'', Smithsonian, February 2003 )〕 Although he was initially labelled a Fauve (wild beast), by the 1920s he was increasingly hailed as an upholder of the classical tradition in French painting.〔Wattenmaker, Richard J.; Distel, Anne, et al. (1993). ''Great French Paintings from the Barnes Foundation''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-679-40963-7. p. 272〕 His mastery of the expressive language of colour and drawing, displayed in a body of work spanning over a half-century, won him recognition as a leading figure in modern art.〔(Magdalena Dabrowski Department of Nineteenth-Century, Modern, and Contemporary Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art Source: Henri Matisse (1869–1954) | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art ) Retrieved 30 June 2010〕 ==Early life and education== Matisse was born in Le Cateau-Cambrésis, in the Nord department in northern France, the oldest son of a prosperous grain merchant.〔Spurling, Hilary (2000). ''The Unknown Matisse: A Life of Henri Matisse: The Early Years, 1869–1908''. University of California Press, 2001. ISBN 0-520-22203-2. pp. 4–6〕 He grew up in Bohain-en-Vermandois, Picardie, France. In 1887 he went to Paris to study law, working as a court administrator in Le Cateau-Cambrésis after gaining his qualification. He first started to paint in 1889, after his mother brought him art supplies during a period of convalescence following an attack of appendicitis. He discovered "a kind of paradise" as he later described it,〔Leymarie, Jean; Read, Herbert; Lieberman, William S. (1966), ''Henri Matisse'', UCLA Art Council, p.9.〕 and decided to become an artist, deeply disappointing his father.〔Bärbel Küster. "Arbeiten und auf niemanden hören." ''Süddeutsche Zeitung'', 6 July 2007. 〕〔 In 1891 he returned to Paris to study art at the Académie Julian and became a student of William-Adolphe Bouguereau and Gustave Moreau. Initially he painted still lifes and landscapes in a traditional style, at which he achieved reasonable proficiency. Matisse was influenced by the works of earlier masters such as Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, Nicolas Poussin, and Antoine Watteau, as well as by modern artists, such as Édouard Manet, and by Japanese art. Chardin was one of the painters Matisse most admired; as an art student he made copies of four of Chardin's paintings in the Louvre.〔Spurling, Hilary. ''The Unknown Matisse: A Life of Henri Matisse, the Early Years, 1869–1908''. p.86. accessed online 15 July 2007〕 In 1896 and 1897, Matisse visited the Australian painter John Peter Russell on the island Belle Île off the coast of Brittany. Russell introduced him to Impressionism and to the work of van Gogh, who had been a friend of Russell but was completely unknown at the time. Matisse's style changed completely. He later said "Russell was my teacher, and Russell explained colour theory to me."〔 In 1896 Matisse exhibited five paintings in the salon of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts, two of which were purchased by the state.〔(Henri and Pierre Matisse ), ''Cosmopolis'', No 2, January 1999〕 With the model Caroline Joblau, he had a daughter, Marguerite, born in 1894. In 1898 he married Amélie Noellie Parayre; the two raised Marguerite together and had two sons, Jean (born 1899) and Pierre (born 1900). Marguerite and Amélie often served as models for Matisse.〔(Marguerite Matisse ) Retrieved 13 December 2010〕 In 1898, on the advice of Camille Pissarro, he went to London to study the paintings of J. M. W. Turner and then went on a trip to Corsica.〔Oxford Art Online, "Henri Matisse"〕 Upon his return to Paris in February 1899, he worked beside Albert Marquet and met André Derain, Jean Puy,〔 and Jules Flandrin.〔() on page 23 of Google Book Link〕 Matisse immersed himself in the work of others and went into debt from buying work from painters he admired. The work he hung and displayed in his home included a plaster bust by Rodin, a painting by Gauguin, a drawing by van Gogh, and Cézanne's ''Three Bathers''. In Cézanne's sense of pictorial structure and colour, Matisse found his main inspiration.〔Leymarie, Jean; Read, Herbert; Lieberman, William S. (1966), ''Henri Matisse'', UCLA Art Council, p.10.〕 Many of Matisse's paintings from 1898 to 1901 make use of a Divisionist technique he adopted after reading Paul Signac's essay, "D'Eugène Delacroix au Néo-impressionisme".〔 His paintings of 1902–03, a period of material hardship for the artist, are comparatively somber and reveal a preoccupation with form. Having made his first attempt at sculpture, a copy after Antoine-Louis Barye, in 1899, he devoted much of his energy to working in clay, completing ''The Slave'' in 1903.〔Leymarie, Jean; Read, Herbert; Lieberman, William S. (1966), ''Henri Matisse'', UCLA Art Council, pp.19–20.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Henri Matisse」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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