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''Maxillaria'', abbreviated as Max in the horticultural trade, is a large genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae). This is a diverse genus, with very different morphological forms. Their characteristics can vary widely. They are commonly called spider orchids, flame orchids or tiger orchids. Their scientific name is derived from the Latin word ''maxilla'', meaning jawbone, reflecting on the column and the base of the lip of some species, that may evoke a protruding jaw. Recent molecular studies have found ''Maxillaria'' as it has long been viewed to be a unnatural hodgepodge composed of groups not closely related to each other. Hence it has been proposed that the genus should be split into several genera, proposals that have been gaining acceptance.〔 Some of the species long considered members of ''Maxillaria'' have been moved to other genera: ''Camaridium, Heterotaxis, Ornithidium, Brasiliorchis, Christensonella, Nitidibulbon, Sauvetrea, Inti, Mapinguari, Maxillariella, Rhetinantha, Mormolyca''.〔(Blanco, M.A. et al. 2007. Generic realignments in Maxillarinae (Orchidaceae). Lankasteriana 7(3):515-537 ) 〕〔Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.C. & Rasmussen, F.N. (2009). Epidendroideae (Part two). Genera Orchidacearum 5: 1-585. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford. 〕 ==Distribution and ecology== Maxillaria species still included in the smaller version of the genus are distributed in the rainforest at sea level to elevations of 3,500 m, in Latin America from central Mexico to Bolivia, as well as in the West Indies.〔(Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families )〕 This is an indication for the different temperature requirements, from warm growing to cold growing, within the genus. They are mostly epiphytes, rather large in size, but some are terrestrials or even lithophytes (such as ''M. rupestris''). Many species are rather large with rampant growth. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Maxillaria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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