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Maximum sustained wind
The maximum sustained wind associated with a tropical cyclone is a common indicator of the intensity of the storm. Within a mature tropical cyclone, it is found within the eyewall at a distance defined as the radius of maximum wind, or RMW. Unlike gusts, the value of these winds are determined via their sampling and averaging the sampled results over a period of time. Wind measuring has been standardized globally to reflect the winds at above the Earth's surface, and the maximum sustained wind represents the highest average wind over either a one-minute (US) or ten-minute time span (see the definition, below), anywhere within the tropical cyclone. Surface winds are highly variable due to friction between the atmosphere and the Earth's surface, as well as near hills and mountains over land.
Over the ocean, satellite imagery determines the value of the maximum sustained winds within a tropical cyclone. Land, ship, aircraft reconnaissance observations, and radar imagery can also estimate this quantity, when available. This value helps determine damage expected from a tropical cyclone, through use of such scales as the Saffir-Simpson scale.
==Definition==
The maximum sustained wind normally occurs at a distance from the center known as the radius of maximum wind, within a mature tropical cyclone's eyewall, before winds decrease at farther distances away from a tropical cyclone's center.〔Brian W. Blanchard and S. A. Hsu. (ON THE RADIAL VARIATION OF THE TANGENTIAL WIND SPEED OUTSIDE THE RADIUS OF MAXIMUM WIND DURING HURRICANE WILMA (2005). ) Retrieved on 2008-07-04.〕 Most weather agencies use the definition for sustained winds recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), which specifies measuring winds at a height of for 10 minutes, and then taking the average. However, the United States National Weather Service defines sustained winds within tropical cyclones by averaging winds over a period of one minute, measured at the same height. This is an important distinction, as the value of the highest one-minute sustained wind is 14% greater than a ten-minute sustained wind over the same period.〔United States Navy. (SECTION 2. INTENSITY OBSERVATION AND FORECAST ERRORS ) Retrieved on 2008-07-04.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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