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Mayiladuthurai
Mayiladuthurai is a town in Nagapattinam district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the headquarters of the Mayiladuthurai taluk. The town is located at a distance of from the district headquarters Nagapattinam and from the state capital Chennai. Mayiladuthurai is known for the Mayuranathaswami Temple, a prominent Shaivite shrine.
Mayiladuthurai was ruled by Medieval Cholas and subsequently ruled by various dynasties including the Vijayanagar Empire, Delhi Sultanate, Thanjavur Nayaks, Thanjavur Marathas and the British Empire. Mayiladuthurai was a part of the erstwhile Tanjore district until India's independence in 1947 and Thanjavur district until 1991 and subsequently a part of the newly formed Nagapattinam district. The town is known for agriculture, metal working and weaving. The region around Mayiladuthurai has considerable mineral deposits.
Mayiladuthurai is administered by a municipality established in 1865. As of 2008, the municipality covered an area of and had a population of 85,632. Mayiladuthurai comes under the Mayiladuthurai assembly constituency which elects a member to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly once every five years and it is a part of the Mayiladuthurai constituency which elects its Member of Parliament (MP) once in five years. Roadways are the major mode of transportation to the town and it also has rail connectivity. The nearest seaport, Karaikal port, is located from Mayiladuthurai, while the nearest airport, Tiruchirappalli International Airport, is located from the town.
==Etymology==
Mayiladuthurai gets its name from the ''Mayura'' or ''Mayil'' (peacock) form in which the Hindu goddess Parvathi worshipped the Hindu god Shiva at this place.〔Ayyar 1920, p 271〕〔Knapp 2011, p. 76〕 While previously known by its Sanskrit name ''Mayuram'' meaning "peacock town", the town has been recently de-Sanskritized to its Tamil translation Mayiladuthurai as a result of a petition by the Mayuram municipality to the Government of Tamil Nadu in the wake of the Dravidian Movement.〔Tamil Nadu Legislative Council 1971, p. 868〕 The Mayuranathaswami Temple dedicated to the goddess Parvathi is one of the most important Hindu temples in the town. There is a statue depicting goddess Parvathi in a peahen form worshipping a ''linga'', the symbol of the god Shiva to the west of the eastern wall of the temple.〔
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