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Libelle (literary genre)
A ''libelle'' is a political pamphlet or book which slanders a public figure.〔In late Middle English and Early Modern English, ''libelle'' retained its aboriginal significance of a "little book": ''The Libelle of Englyshe Polycye'' (1435-38), for example, was a little poetical tract concerning England's maritime power, with nothing libellous in its content.〕 ''Libelles'' held particular significance in France under the Ancien Régime, especially during the eighteenth century, when the pamphlets’ attacks on the monarchy became both more numerous and venomous. In recent years, cultural historian Robert Darnton has written on the ''libelles'', arguing for the subversive power that the ''libelles'' of the late eighteenth century exercised in undermining monarchical authority.
==Etymology==
The word ''libelle'' is derived from the Latin ''libellus'', for “small book.”〔Darnton 1995, p.199.〕 Although originally it was used to describe pamphlets in general, it became primarily applicable to the genre of brief and defamatory attacks on pre-revolutionary French public figures. The 1762 edition of the dictionary published by the Académie française defines ''libelle'' as an “offensive work.”〔 The publishers of ''libelles'' were known as ''libellistes''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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