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The Masurians or Mazurs ((ポーランド語:Mazurzy), (ドイツ語:Masuren)) were a Lechitic sub-ethnic group in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland. They are descended from Masovians ((ポーランド語:Mazowszanie); (ドイツ語:Masowier)), Polish settlers from Masovia who moved to Prussia especially during and after the Protestant Reformation and who were primarily Protestant. In the 19th century, the Masuria region of East Prussia was named after the Masurians. After World War II many Masurians were classified as Germans and expelled to West Germany or emigrated after 1956. == History == In the Middle Ages, the inhabitants of the Duchy of Masovia were called ''Mazur(z)y'' in Polish. Between the 14th and 17th centuries,〔Jerzy Jan Lerski, Piotr Wróbel, Richard J. Kozicki, ''Historical dictionary of Poland, 966-1945'', Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996, p. 346, ISBN 0-313-26007-9 (Google Books ) 〕 Polish settlers from northern Masovia moved to the southern territories of the Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights. (These lands had previously belonged to the Baltic Old Prussians, whom the Teutonic Knights had conquered in the 13th and 14th centuries.) The northern part of this state was soon settled by settlers from Germany and thus became Germanised. On the other hand, the incoming Masovians Polonised the southern part - Masuria - in approximately the same period. In 1466 those territories became a fief of Poland. Because of the influx of Masovians into the southern lakeland, the area started to be known as "Masuria" from the 18th century. During the Protestant Reformation the Masurians, like most inhabitants of Ducal Prussia, became Lutheran Protestants, while the neighboring Masovians remained Roman Catholic. In 1525 the Duchy of Prussia, a Polish fief until 1657, was founded from the secularized order's territory and became the first ever officially Protestant state. The small minority of Protestant Masovians in southern Catholic Masovia inside Poland emigrated later to Prussian Masuria. Masuria became part of the Kingdom of Prussia at the Kingdom's founding in 1701, and part of the Prussian-led German Empire at the Empire's founding in 1871. Masurians referred to themselves in the 19th century as "Polish Prussians" or as "Staroprusaki" (Old Prussians) Masurians showed considerable support for the Polish uprising in 1831, and maintained many contacts with Russian-held areas of Poland beyond the border of Prussia, the areas being connected by common culture and language; before the uprising people visited each other's country fairs and much trade took place, with smuggling also widespread〔 Some early writers about Masurians - like Max Toeppen - postulated them as mediators between German and Slav cultures.〔 During the 1840s, the folklorist Gustaw Gizewiusz (Gustav Gisevius) collected Masurian folk songs which were later included in Oskar Kolberg's compilation ''Dzieła Wszystkie''.〔(Kolberg, Oskar. ''Dzieła Wszystkie'' )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Masurians」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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