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Mbongo
Mbongo (also called Mbengo, Nambongo, and Nembongo) is the common ancestor of the Sawa peoples of Cameroon according to their oral traditions. Sawa genealogies usually place Mbongo at the head of the lineage.〔However, there are rival traditions, such as a Bakweri myth that claims Mbongo as the brother of Ewale a Mbedi. (Austen and Derrick 14).〕 Mbongo's son, usually given as Mbedi a Mbongo, lived at Piti on the Dibamba River. From there, Mbongo's grandsons migrated south toward the coast to found the various Sawa ethnic groups.〔Austen and Derrick 10.〕 Some stories make these migrants Mbongo's sons rather than grandsons.〔Ardener 16.〕
Mbongo does not seem to be an historical figure. Rather, he is a symbol of the ancient past and an inhabitant of a mythological age.〔Ardener and Ardener 364.〕 Edwin Ardener calls him a "shadowy" figure and ascribes him to a "proto-tradition" of the coastal peoples.〔Ardener 28.〕 Edwin Ardener and Shirley Ardener place Mbongo in the "legendary or mythical stratum" of Sawa oral histories.〔Ardener and Ardener 363.〕
The Sawa highly esteem descent from Mbongo as a marker of ethnic inclusion. A Bakweri honorific, ''mokpel'anembongo'',〔 translates as "free-born and descended from Mbongo".〔Austen and Derrick 14.〕 Edwin Ardener proposes that the names of many of Cameroon's coastal ethnic groups historically derived from the name Mbongo. For example, in 1668, a Dutch writer named O. Dapper, drawing from the records of Samuel Blommaert, described a people called the ''Kalbongos'' at the Rio del Rey: "The people who live higher up the river (a coastal trading settlement ), by them called ''Kalbongos'', are bold men, but villainous rogues."〔Dapper, Dr. O. (1668). ''Naukeurige Beschrijvinge der Afrikanische Gewesten.'' Amesterdam. Quoted in Ardener 14.〕 Dapper also recorded names such as ''Kalbanges'', which may also derive from some form of Mbongo's name.〔Ardener 15–16.〕 A later writer, John Barbot, wrote, The name of Old Calabar, known as ''Calborch'' to the Dutch, may also derive from ''Calbongo'', and ultimately ''Mbongo''.〔
==Notes==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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