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McCaul, also spelt MacCawell, is an Irish surname, derived from the Gaelic ''Mac Cathmhaoil'', meaning the "son of Cathmhaol", ''descendant of'' being implied. The name ''Cathmhaoil'' itself is derived from ''cath mhaol'' meaning "battle chief". The ''Mac Cathmhaoil'' where the leading family of ''Cenél Fearadhaigh'', of the Uí Néill, and where based around Clogher in modern day County Tyrone, Northern Ireland.〔 They were one of the seven powerful septs that supported the O'Neills. The name is now rare in Ulster as it has been Anglicised under various different forms such as, Campbell, McCawl, Caulfield, MacCall, Alwell, Callwell, McCowell, McCuill, Howell, MacHall,〔The Book of Irish Families: Great & Small By Michael C. O'Laughlin http://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA41&lpg=PA41〕〔Library Ireland http://www.libraryireland.com/names/macc/mac-cathmhaoil.php〕 and McQuade.〔O'Hart, John. 1892 "Irish Pedigrees" http://books.google.com/books?id=2icbAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA519&dq=cathmhaoil,+o'hart&ei=P2KHSqvmE6fYkAT6_dT2CQ#v=onepage&q=&f=false〕〔Vol. IV, pp. 1667–1670 of Hudson-Mohawk Genealogical and Family Memoirs, edited by Cuyler Reynolds http://www.schenectadyhistory.org/families/hmgfm/mcquade.html〕〔Mac Giolla Domhnaigh, Pádraig "Some Ulster Surnames"〕〔Connor, Bernard. 1808. Dublin. "Clan Cathmhaoil or Caulfield Family"〕〔MacLysaght, Edward. "More Irish Families"〕〔MacLysaght, Edward. "The Surnames Of Ireland"〕〔Colby, Thomas. Larcom, Thomas. 1837. "Ordnance Survey Of The County Of Londonderry, Volume 1" 〕 The MacGirr and Short surname originate from a branch of the ''Mac Cathmhaoil'' headed by ''Maelechlainn mac an ghirr meic Cathmhaoil'', "Malachy, the son of the short fellow MacCawell".〔 The variant MacCawell is claimed as being the closest Anglicisation of the Irish name.〔 The height of their power was in the 12th century where their territory covered most of modern County Tyrone, and deep into County Fermanagh.〔 By the mid fourteenth century their power in Fermanagh, was broken by the rise of the Maguires.〔 Having controlled the seat of power of the diocese of Clogher, the MacCawells provided many abbots, deans, canons etc. to it and neighbouring dicoeses including two bishops.〔 By the end of the sixteenth century there appears to have been a large migration of the sept into the modern counties of Down and Armagh.〔 ==History== The MacCathmhaoils took their patronymic name from Cathmhaol in the 12th century, descended from Feradhach (or Fearadhaigh), grandson of Eoghan son of "Niall of the Nine Hostages" a 5th-century Irish King . They were the leading sept of Cenél Fearadhaigh, sometimes called Cenél Fearadhaigh Theas or Cinel-Farry, based in the barony of Clogher, to distinguish them from the offshoots of Cenél Fearadhaigh who remained in Inishowen or thereabouts. After this expansion into mid Ulster with Cenél nEoghain, the MacCathmhaoils were fixed in the Clogher area of County Tyrone, the former capital and inauguration site of Airgíalla. As Cenél Fearadhaigh, it was their function to hold a bastion for Cenél nEoghain against Cenél Conaill on the northwest and the descendants of the Three Collas on the south-west and south. In the Annals of the Four Masters, under 1185 (16 years after the Norman invasion of Ireland), the second mention is made of a MacCathmhaoil with "Gillchreest MacCathmhaoil, head chieftain of the Cineal Fereadaidh being "the chief of the councils of the north of Ireland", who was slain by Teag O'hEighnigh (O'Heaney) from Tir-Manach (Fermanagh), aided by Muintir Chaonain (O'Keenan). This Gillchreest MacCathmhaoil, was also head chieftain of clan Aongusa (Magennis? McCann?) of eastern Ulster, clan Dubhinreacht (O'Dubhin? Devaney), clan Fogarty O'Ceannfhoda (Tirkennedy in Fermanagh),〔Changed from Cíneal Fógartaígh – Mac Artán (MacCartan) in Down http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/tribe_index.htm and http://dnausers.d-n-a.net/dnetcRrI/index.html〕 and clan Colla of Fermanagh." The townland name Druim Mhic Cathmhaiol (Cathmhaoil’s Ridge) on the border of Armagh and Louth might attest to a regional leadership role (in the "Councils of the North") 〔The political structure of Gaelic Ireland http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/plantation/ireland_before/ib01.shtml〕 organizing the defenses of Ulster against the Normans.〔Drummuckavall http://www.devlin-family.com/timelinedrummuckavall.htm and Image http://www.borderroadmemories.com/images/bc035/now/bc035_img003_thumb.jpg〕 The family name, in a much truncated form, is also preserved in the townland name Clonmakate in north Armagh adjacent to Maghery, (near Lough Neagh and the Blackwater); the original form was Cluain Mhic Cathmhaoil ‘Mac Cathmhaoil’s meadow’.〔12 MacKay, P/Muhr, K: Lough Neagh Places, 82 http://www.armaghhistorygroup.com/history-armagh-magazine/item/62/the-campbells-are-comin〕 The inauguration of the Cineal Fereadaidh Chiefs probably happened at ancient royal site of Clochar Mac nDaimhín. They receive mention in Ceart ''Ui Néill'' (see ( The Rights of O'Neill )) being, along with MacMurchaidh and O'Devlin, classed as "fircheithearna" (i.e. "true kerns") of Ui Néill. A Kern (soldier) was a Gaelic soldier, specifically a light infantryman of Gaelic Ireland during the Middle Ages. From Ceart Ui Néill 14. "it is their duty to take and to guard hostages; and they are bound by their office to keep watch for the first three nights in camp and on a hosting..." and elsewhere "In his time, it was usual to for victorious conquerors to take captives, usually of exalted rank, as hostages for the good (i.e. subservient) subsequent behaviour of the vanquished".〔Larkin Clan Site http://www.larkinclan.eu/niall.htm〕 Later they became an important church family. They were also Brehons (judges of Irish law) in Cenél nEoghain (Tyrone), are famous in Irish history for their learning and the many dignitaries they supplied to the church. In Cenél nEoghain about this time, 1300, the Mac Cathmhaoils were the hereditary advisers of the king,〔Hudson-Mohawk Genealogical and Family Memoirs: McQuade http://www.schenectadyhistory.org/families/hmgfm/mcquade.html〕 being one of the seven main septs of the Cenél nEoghain Ui Neill. The family's importance is obvious from a glance at the events listed in connection with them under MacCathmhail in the index to the Annals of Ulster. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「McCaul」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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