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Mebendazole (MBZ) is a medication used to treat a number of parasitic worm infestations.〔 This includes ascariasis, pinworm disease, hookworm infections, guinea worm infections, hydatid disease, and giardia, among others.〔 It is taken by mouth.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/mebendazole.html )〕 Mebendazole is usually well tolerated.〔 Common side effects include headache, vomiting, and ringing in the ears.〔 If used at large doses it may cause bone marrow suppression.〔 It is unclear if it is safe in pregnancy.〔 Mebendazole is a broad-spectrum antihelminthic agent of the benzimidazole type.〔 Mebendazole came into use in 1971. It is included in the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/93142/1/EML_18_eng.pdf?ua=1 )〕 Mebendazole is available as a generic medication. The wholesale cost is between 0.004 and 0.04 USD per dose.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/resultsdetail.cfm?language=english&code=MEB100T&s_year=2014&year=2014&str=100%20mg&desc=Mebendazole&pack=new&frm=TAB-CAP&rte=PO&class_code2=06%2E1%2E1%2E&supplement=&class_name=%2806%2E1%2E1%2E%29Intestinal%20anthelminthics%3Cbr%3E )〕 In the United States a single dose is about 18 USD.〔 ==Medical use== Mebendazole is a highly effective, broad-spectrum antihelmintic indicated for the treatment of nematode infestations, including roundworm, hookworm, whipworm, threadworm, pinworm, and the intestinal form of trichinosis prior to its spread into the tissues beyond the digestive tract. Other drugs are used to treat worm infections outside the digestive tract, as mebendazole is poorly absorbed into the bloodstream.〔Petri WA in Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollmann BC, Ed. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12th ed., Chapter 42. McGraw-Hill, 2011 New York.〕 Mebendazole is used alone in those with mild to moderate infestations. It kills parasites relatively slowly, and in those with very heavy infestations, it can cause some parasites to migrate out of the digestive system, leading to appendicitis, bile duct problems, or intestinal perforation. To avoid this, heavily infested patients may be treated with piperazine, either before or instead of mebendazole. Piperazine paralyses the parasites, causing them to pass in the feces.〔Martin AR in Wilson and Gisvold's Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 8th edition, Doerge RF, ed. J.B. Lippincott, 1982, Chapter 4〕 It is also used rarely in the treatment of hydatid disease. Evidence for effectiveness for this disease, however, is poor.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/mebendazole.html )〕 Mebendazole and other benzimidazole antithelmetics are active against both larval and adult stages of nematodes, and in the cases of roundworm and whipworm, kill the eggs, as well. Paralysis and death of the parasites occurs slowly, and elimination in the feces may require several days.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mebendazole」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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