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Mechanoreceptor
A mechanoreceptor is a sensory receptor that responds to mechanical pressure or distortion. Normally there are four main types in glabrous skin: Pacinian corpuscles, Meissner's corpuscles, Merkel's discs, and Ruffini endings. There are also mechanoreceptors in hairy skin, and the hair cells in the cochlea are the most sensitive mechanoreceptors, transducing air pressure waves into nerve signals sent to the brain. In the periodontal ligament, there are some mechanoreceptors, which allow the jaw to relax when biting down on hard objects; the mesencephalic nucleus is responsible for this reflex.
Although the anatomical research on the human mechanoreceptors started with the discovery of Vater-Pacinian corpuscle in early 18th century, the electrophysiological research into the mechanoreceptors of the human body began in the mid of 20th century, when Vallbo and Johansson took percutaneous recordings of human volunteers.〔(and Vallbo, 1983, Trends in Neurosci. 6: 27-31 )〕 The mechanoreceptors of primates like rhesus monkeys and other mammals are similar to those of humans and also studied even in early 20th century anatomically and neurophysiologically.
==Mechanism of sensation==
In somatosensory transduction, the afferent neurons transmit messages through synapses in the dorsal column nuclei, where second-order neurons send the signal to the thalamus and synapse with third-order neurons in the ventrobasal complex. The third-order neurons then send the signal to the somatosensory cortex.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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