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The Mechanostat is a model describing bone growth and bone loss. It was promoted by Harold Frost and described extensively in the ''Utah Paradigm of Skeletal Physiology'' 〔Frost H.M.: ''Defining Osteopenias and Osteoporoses: Another View (With Insights From a New Paradigm)'', Bone 1997, Vol. 20, No. 5, 385-391, PMID 9145234〕〔Frost H.M.: ''The Utah Paradigm of Skeletal Physiology Vol. 1'', ISMNI, 1960〕〔Frost H.M.: ''The Utah Paradigm of Skeletal Physiology Vol. 2'', ISMNI, 1960〕〔Frost H.M.: ''The Utah paradigm of skeletal physiology: an overview of its insights for bone, cartilage and collagenous tissue organs'', J Bone Miner Metab. 2000; 18:305–316, PMID 11052462〕〔Frost H.M., Schoenau E.: ''The muscle-bone unit in children and adolescents: an overview'', 2000, J. Pediatr Endorcrinol Metab 13:571-590, PMID 10905381〕 in the 1960s. The Mechanostat is a refinement of Wolff's law described by Julius Wolff (1836–1902). According to the Mechanostat, bone growth and bone loss is stimulated by the local mechanical elastic deformation of bone. The reason for the elastic deformation of bone is the peak forces caused by muscles (e.g. measurable using mechanography). The Adaptation (feed-back control loop) of bone according to the maximum forces is considered to be a lifelong process. Hence bone adapts its mechanical properties according to the needed mechanical function – bone mass, bone geometry and hence bone strength (see also Stress-strain index, SSI) is adapted according to the everyday usage / needs. Due to this control loop, there is a linear relationship in the healthy body between muscle cross sectional area (as a surrogate for typical maximum forces the muscle is able to produce under physiological conditions) and the bone cross sectional area (as a surrogate for bone strength).〔Schoenau E., NeuC.M., Beck B., Manz F., Rauch F.: ''Bone Mineral content per Muscle Cross-Sectional Area as an Index of the Functional Muscle-Bone Unit'', J Bone Mineral Res, Vol.17, S.1095-1101, 2002, PMID 12054165〕〔Schießl H., Frost H.M., Jee W.S.S.: ''Estrogen and BoneMuscle Strength and Mass Relationships'', Bone, Vol.22, S.1-6, 1998, PMID 9437507〕 These relations are of immense importance especially for bone loss situations like in osteoporosis, since an adapted training utilizing the needed maximum forces on the bone can be used to stimulate bone growth and hence prevent or help to minimize bone loss. An example for such an efficient training is vibration training or whole body vibration. == Modeling and Remodeling == Frost defined four regions of elastic bone deformation which result in different consequences on the control loop: *Disuse: Strain < circa 800μStrain: Remodeling (bone adaptation and bone repair) Bone mass and bone strength is reduced. *Adapted State: strain between ca. 800μStrain and ca. 1500μStrain: Remodeling (bone repair) Bone mass and bone strength stays constant (homeostasis: bone resorption=bone formation) *Overload: Strain > circa 1500μStrain: Modeling (bone growth) bone mass and bone strength is increased *Fracture: Strain > circa 15000μStrain: maximum elastically deformation exceeded - bone fracture. According to this a typical bone, e.g. the tibia has a security margin of about 5 to 7 between typical load (2000 to 3000 μStrain) and fracture load (about 15000μStrain). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mechanostat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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