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Mecillinam
Mecillinam (INN) or amdinocillin (USAN) is an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria. It is used primarily in the treatment of urinary tract infections, and has also been used to treat typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Because mecillinam has very low oral bioavailability, an orally active prodrug was developed: pivmecillinam. Neither drug is available in the United States.〔 Retrieved on August 31, 2008. Freely available with registration.〕
==Medical uses==
Mecillinam is used in the treatment of infections due to susceptible gram-negative bacteria, especially urinary tract infections which are most commonly caused by ''Escherichia coli''. Mecillinam is active against most pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, except ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' and some species of ''Proteus''.〔 Several studies have also found it to be as effective as other antibiotics for treating ''Staphylococcus saprophyticus'' infection, though it is Gram-positive, possibly because mecillinam reaches very high concentrations in urine.〔
Worldwide resistance to mecillinam in bacteria causing urinary tract infection has remained very low since its introduction; a 2003 study conducted in 16 European countries and Canada found resistance to range from 1.2% (''Escherichia coli'') to 5.2% (''Proteus mirabilis''). Another large study conducted in Europe and Brazil obtained similar results — 95.9% of ''E. coli'' strains, for instance, were sensitive to mecillinam.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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