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Mediterraneanism is an ideology that claims that there are distinctive characteristics that Mediterranean cultures have in common.〔William Vernon Harris. Rethinking The Mediterranean. Oxford, England, UK: Oxford University Press, 2005. P. 1.〕 Giuseppe Sergi asserted that the Mediterranean race was "''the greatest race() derived neither from the black nor white people() an autonomous stock in the human family.''"〔 Italian Fascism initially adhered strongly to a version of Mediterraneanism. However, Italian Fascism's Mediterraneanism was defined by Mussolini since the early 1920s as identifying Italians as being a Mediterranean branch of the Aryan race.〔〔Neocleous, Mark. ''Fascism''. Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 1997. p. 35〕 Unlike other forms of Mediterraneanism, this form asserted that Italians were part of the white race, and utilized white supremacism to justify colonialism.〔Aristotle A. Kallis. ''Fascist Ideology: Expansionism in Italy and Germany 1922–1945''. London, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Routledge, 2000. P. 45.〕 However, with the rise in influence of pro-Nordicist Nazi Germany in Europe and Fascist Italy's alliance with it, the Fascist regime gave Italian Nordicists prominent positions, which aggravated Mediterraneanists in the party.〔 ==Sergi, Seligman and similar conceptions== Italian anthropologist Giuseppe Sergi claimed that the Mediterranean race was "the greatest race in the world". He defined it as "the finest brunet race which has appeared in Europe…derived neither from the black nor white peoples, but constitut() an autonomous stock in the human family.". Sergi claimed that the Mediterranean Race probably historically spoke a Hamitic language related to the language of the prehistoric Egyptians, Iberians, and Libyans.〔 Sergi noted that the Roman Empire led to the spread of Mediterranean civilization across Europe and thus contemporary European civilization was bound by ancestry to the Mediterranean race.〔 Sergi staunchly rejected Nordicism's claims of Nordic peoples being strongly Aryan, saying that Aryans were not Nordic in appearance.〔 Instead he claimed that Nordics were "Aryanized Euroafricans", and that the Nordic race is related to Mediterranean race.〔 Sergi responded to typical Nordicist claims of superiority of Nordics over Mediterraneans, by saying that the reason for the lack of wealth or progress in Latin countries as compared with countries of Northern Europe was because the Aryans of the North, including northern Italians, living in frigid climates had developed close-knit groups that allowed them to survive in that environment, as such they became more disciplined, productive civic-minded than southern Italians.〔 Because of this, Sergi claimed that the northern Italians, whom he identified as having significant Aryan heritage, were more advanced than southern Italians.〔 However Sergi rejected claims that Aryans who were a Euroasian people were responsible for founding Greco-Latin civilization. Sergi described the original Aryans in Europe in a negative manner: "The Aryans were savages when they invaded Europe: they destroyed in part the superior civilization of the Neolithic populations, and could not have created the Greco-Latin civilization".〔 Sergi claimed that the only contribution by the ancient Aryans to European civilization was Indo-European languages.〔 He claimed that the ancient Aryans interbred with the Mediterranean race north of the Po Valley but declined south of it and became insignificant south of Rome.〔 Sergi claimed the Nordics had made no substantial contribution to pre-modern civilization, noting that "in the epoch of Tacitus the Germans ... remained barbarians as in prehistoric times".〔 He claimed that the Romans were unable to Romanize the Germans because the Germans were averse to the Romans' civilizing influence.〔 He rejected Germanic scholars' claims that Germans were the saviors of a decadent post-Roman Italy.〔 Instead Sergi claimed that the Germans were responsible for bringing forward the Dark Ages in the Medieval period and that the Germans of the Medieval period were known for "delinquency, vagabondage, and ferocity".〔 C. G. Seligman supported Mediterraneanist claims, stating "it must, I think, be recognized that the Mediterranean race has actually more achievement to its credit than any other, since it is responsible for by far the greater part of Mediterranean civilization, certainly before 1000 B.C. (and probably much later), and so shaped not only the Aegean cultures, but those of Western as well as the greater part of Eastern Mediterranean lands, while the culture of their near relatives, the Hamitic pre-dynastic Egyptians, formed the basis of that of Egypt."〔''The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland'', Vol. 54. (Jan. – Jun., 1924), p. 30.〕 French historian Fernand Braudel in the 1920s invoked the conception of the Mediterraneanism including claims of Mediterranean universalism to justify French colonialism in Algeria.〔Paul A. Silverstein. ''Algeria in France: Transpolitics, Race, and Nation''. P. 66.〕 Braudel had entered his doctrinal studies in the 1920s at the precise time when the issue of Mediterranean unity was being fiercely debated.〔 Braudel supported the pro-unity argument.〔 The argument for Mediterranean unity justified French colonialism in Algeria and viewed the Berbers in a place of privilege amongst the peoples of Africa, as retainers of the lost Roman legacy in Africa.〔 It was claimed that if the Berbers could be culturally separated from the Arabo-Islamic surrounding culture, that the Berbers would become natural allies of the French through their Mediterranean heritage that would challenge anti-colonial sentiment.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mediterraneanism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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