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Mespilus germanica
''Mespilus germanica'', known as the medlar or common medlar, is a large shrub or small tree, and the name of the fruit of this tree. The fruit has been cultivated since Roman times, and is unusual in being available in winter, and in being eaten when bletted. It is eaten raw and in a range of dishes. When the genus ''Mespilus'' is included in the genus ''Crataegus'', the correct name for this species is ''Crataegus germanica'' Kuntze.
==Origins and related species==
Despite its Latin name, which means German or Germanic medlar, it is indigenous to southwest Asia and also southeastern Europe, especially the Black Sea coasts of Bulgaria and of modern Turkey. It may have been cultivated for as long as 3000 years.〔Baird, J.R.; Thieret, J.W. (1989). The Medlar (''Mespilus germanica'', Rosaceae) from antiquity to obscurity. ''Economic Botany''. 43(3): 328–372. (preview )〕 The ancient Greek geographer Strabo refers to a μέσπιλον (''mespilon'') in ''Geographica'', book 16, Chapter 4. 〔http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/searchresults?q=me/spilon&target=greek&doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0197&expand=lemma&sort=docorder〕
Until recently, ''Mespilus germanica'' was the only known species of medlar. However, in 1990, a new species was discovered in North America, now named ''Mespilus canescens''. The loquat, ''Eriobotrya japonica'', is more distantly related than genera such as ''Crataegus'', ''Amelanchier'', ''Peraphyllum'', and ''Malacomeles'', but was once thought to be closely related, and is still sometimes called the 'Japanese medlar'.
From an extensive study of literature and plant specimens, Kazimierz Browicz concluded that the〔 true homeland (''Mespilus germanica'' ) is only in the south-eastern part of the Balkan peninsula, in Asia Minor, on the Caucasus, Crimea, northern Iran and possibly also in Turkmenia.
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