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Megalosauridae
Megalosauridae was a family of relatively primitive tetanuran theropod dinosaurs, order Saurischia. They were small-to-large carnivores with sharp teeth and three claws on each hand. Some members of this group were ''Megalosaurus'', ''Eustreptospondylus'', ''Streptospondylus'' and ''Torvosaurus''. Megalosaurids first appeared in the mid Jurassic and seemed to have been displaced and replaced by other theropods by the end of that period; their fossils are known from Europe, North America, South America and Africa. They are considered by most researchers (Sereno 2005, Olshevsky 1995, Holtz 2004, etc.) to be close relatives of the spinosaurs.
==Classification==
Like ''Megalosaurus'' itself, the family Megalosauridae, coined by Huxley in 1869, had traditionally been used as a 'wastebasket' group, which included a wide variety of unrelated species (such as ''Dryptosaurus'', ''Ceratosaurus'', ''Indosaurus'', and even ''Velociraptor''). Because of this traditionally polyphyletic use, some scientists, such as Paul Sereno, reject the family name Megalosauridae in favor of ''Torvosauridae'' (coined by Jensen in 1985), despite the fact that Megalosauridae has priority under the ICZN rules governing family-level names in zoology.〔Sereno, P.C. (2005). (Stem Archosauria—TaxonSearch ) (1.0, 2005 November 7 )〕 While a 2008 review of ''Megalosaurus'' by Benson and colleagues also found that the relationships of ''Megalosaurus'' to other theropods could not be determined, and that the assignment of basal spinosauroids to the family Megalosauridae should be discontinued, further work by Benson reversed this position, finding a well-supported Megalosauridae in phylogenetic analyses.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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