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Meistersinger
A (German for "master singer") was a member of a German guild for lyric poetry, composition and unaccompanied art song of the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries. The Meistersingers were drawn from middle class males for the most part.
==Guilds==
The Meistersingers carried on and developed the traditions of the medieval Minnesingers. They belonged to the artisan and trading classes of the German towns, and regarded as their masters and the founders of their guild twelve poets of the Middle High German period, including Wolfram von Eschenbach, Konrad von Würzburg, Reinmar von Zweter, and Heinrich Frauenlob. Frauenlob is said to have established the earliest Meistersinger school at Mainz, early in the 14th century. The schools were established first in the upper Rhine district, then elsewhere. In the 14th century there were schools at Mainz, Strasbourg, Frankfurt, Würzburg, Zurich, and Prague; in the 15th at Augsburg and Nuremberg. Nuremberg, under the leadership of Hans Sachs, became the most famous school in the 16th century, by which time Meistersinger schools had spread all over Germany and farther north, to Magdeburg, Breslau Görlitz, and Danzig.
Each guild had various classes of members, ranging from beginners, or ''Schüler'' (corresponding to trade apprentices), and ''Schulfreunde'' (who were equivalent to ''Gesellen'' or journeymen), to ''Meister''. Meisters were poets who could both write new verses to existing melodies and invent new melodies. The poem was technically known as a ''Bar'' or ''Gesetz'', the melody as a ''Ton'' or ''Weis''. The songs were all sung without accompaniment.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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