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Meitoku
Meitoku (明徳) was a Japanese era name (年号, ''nengō'', lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after ''Kōō'' and before ''Ōei''. This period spanned the years from March 1390 to July 1394.〔Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Meitoku''" in ( ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 625; ) n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' (Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File ).〕 After October 1392, Meitoku replaced the Southern Court's nengō (''Genchū'').〔Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Genchū''" in ( ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 236. )〕 The emperor in Kyoto was 〔Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). (''Annales des empereurs du japon'', pp. 317-320. )〕 The Southern Court rival in Yoshino until 1392 was . ==Nanboku-chō overview== During the Meiji period, an Imperial decree dated March 3, 1911 established that the legitimate reigning monarchs of this period were the direct descendants of Emperor Go-Daigo through Emperor Go-Murakami, whose had been established in exile in Yoshino, near Nara.〔Thomas, Julia Adeney. (2001). ( ''Reconfiguring modernity: concepts of nature in Japanese political ideology'', p. 199 n57 ), citing Mehl, Margaret. (1997). ''History and the State in Nineteenth-Century Japan.'' p. 140-147.〕 Until the end of the Edo period, the militarily superior pretender-Emperors supported by the Ashikaga shogunate had been mistakenly incorporated in Imperial chronologies even though it was known that the Imperial Regalia were not in their possession.〔 This illegitimate had been established in Kyoto by Ashikaga Takauji.〔
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