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Melchizedek (;〔English pronunciation according to the ( "Book of Mormon Pronunciation Guide" ) (lds.org; retrieved 2012-02-25), IPA-ified from «mĕl-kĭz´a-dĭk»〕 Hebrew: , , Amharic: መልከ ጼዴቅ, (also rendered ''Malki-Tzedek'') "my king is righteous(ness)"), is the king of Salem and priest of ''El Elyon'' ("God most high") mentioned in the 14th chapter of the Book of Genesis. He brings out bread and wine and blesses Abram and El Elyon. Chazalic literature—specifically Targum Jonathan, Targum Yerushalmi, and the Babylonian Talmud—presents the name ( as a nickname title for Shem, the son of Noah.〔Targum Yonathan and Targum Yerushalmi to Bereishith 14:18-20. Talmud Bavli to tractate Nedarim 32b et al.〕 In Christianity, according to the Epistle to the Hebrews, Jesus Christ is identified as "a priest forever in the order of Melchizedek", and so Jesus assumes the role of High Priest once and for all. Melchizedek is venerated as a saint both in Latin and in Eastern Orthodox tradition. ==Name== In the majority of Masoretic Hebrew texts the name is written as two words, ' ,〔''(shai http://www.hebrewbooks.org/14036 )'' to genesis (bereishith) 14:18-20〕 rendered in one word in both the Septuagint () and Vulgate (''ラテン語:Melchisedech''). The Authorised King James Version of 1611 renders the name ''Melchizedek'' when translating from the Hebrew, and ''Melchisedec'' in the New Testament. The name is composed from the two elements ''melek(h)'' "king" and ''ṣedeq'' "righteous(ness)".〔''Strong's Concordance'' no. 4428 and 6666.〕 With the addition of the enclitic possessive pronoun (''-ī''), ''malk-ī'' means "my king", so that the name literally translates to "my king is righteousness" (or "my king is ''Ṣedeq''").〔 "Melchizedek is an old Canaanite name meaning 'My King is (god ) Sedek' or 'My King is Righteousness'" "Melchizedek" in ''Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions'' (1999), (p. 708 ). "Because the Hebrew ''malkiʾ'' includes a pronominal suffix in the first person singular, the name literally means 'my king is righteous,' or if the latter part of the name referred to a Canaanite God, 'my king is Zedek.'" Daniel J. Harrington, ''Hebrews'', Liturgical Press, 2007, ( p. 139 ). 〕 By the Hellenistic era it appears the name came to be associated with the messiah and paraphrased as "king of righteousness".〔"Originally the name probably meant 'my king () is righteous' or 'my king is ''Zedek'',' but the author (''Hebrews'' ) reads it as one might normally read what is called a Hebrew construct state, 'king of rightoeousness.'" W. C. Kaiser et al., ''Hard Sayings of the Bible'', InterVarsity Press, 2009, (p. 684 ).〕 "My King is Righteousness" is interpreted as a theophoric name associating Melchizedek's god, ''El Elyon'' with the epithet ''Ṣedeq'' ("Righteousness"), which is otherwise attested as the name of Canaanite deities. Thus, ''Ṣedeq'' and ''El Elyon'' ("God most high") may have been two epithets of the same Jebusite god, identified as an astral deity, perhaps eponymous of Salem itself: ''Salim'' or ''Shalem'' (שלם) is attested as a god, presumably identified with the evening star, in Ugaritic mythology; URU''Šalim'' in this case would be the city of Salim, the Jebusite astral deity.〔Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, s.v. "Elyon", "Shalem".〕 The theonym is also preserved in Phoenician (''ṣdq''; Philo: Συδυκ), a deity identified with Roman Jupiter.〔''Jewish Encyclopedia'' "Zedek" being an ancient name of Jerusalem (probably connected with the Phoenician Συδυκ = 'Zedek' = 'Jupiter'; comp. Shab. 156a, b; Gen. R. xliii.; Pesiḳ. R. 20; see Baudissin, 'Studien zur Semitischen Religionsgesch.' 1876, i. 14-15)."〕 The name is formed in parallel with ' , also a king of Salem, mentioned in the Book of Joshua (10:1-3), where the element ''malik'' "king" is replaced by ''adon'' "lord".〔Ramban, bereishith chap. 14, opines that the name implies "my king is ''tzedek''", based on the notion that the city of Salem is associated with the attribute of righteousness.〕 Parallel theophoric names, with Sedeq replaced by Yahu, are those of Malchijah and Adonijah, both biblical characters placed in the time of David.〔(''The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges'' ) at Google Books〕 Psalm 110 alludes to Melchizedek as a prototype of the messiah. This led to the re-interpretation of the name as "king of righteousness" in Hellenistic Judaism.〔"Melchizedek" in ''Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions'' (1999), (p. 708 ).〕 Based on evidence found in the Qumran Scrolls, it was also used as a name of the Archangel Michael, interpreted as a heavenly priest; Michael as ''Melchi-zedek'' contrast with Belial, who is given the name of ''Melchi-resha'' "king of wickedness".〔 Gareth Lee Cockerill, ''The Epistle to the Hebrews'', vol. 29 of The New International Commentary on the New Testament Author, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2012, (298f. ) (fn. 14).〕 The text of the Epistle to the Hebrews follows this interpretation in stating explicitly tha the name in Greek translation (ἑρμηνευόμενος) means βασιλεὺς δικαιοσύνης ("king of righteousness"), omitting translation of the possessive suffix; the same passage interprets Melchizedek's title of king of Salem as translating to βασιλεὺς εἰρήνης "king of peace", the context being the presentation of Melchizedek's as an eternal priesthood associated with Jesus Christ (ἀφωμοιωμένος δὲ τῷ υἱῷ τοῦ θεοῦ μένει ἱερεὺς εἰς τὸ διηνεκές "made like unto the Son of God abideth a priest continually").〔 Willard M. Swartley, ''Covenant of Peace'', Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2006, (p. 255 ). Gary Staats, ''A Christological Commentary on Hebrews'' (2012), (p. 71 ): "(writer of ''Hebrews'' ) is identifying Melchizedek as a king of righteousness and a king of peace. He thus becomes a beautiful type of Jesus Christ who is also the final King of righteousness and the final King of peace." 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Melchizedek」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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