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Melikhovo ((ロシア語:Ме́лихово)) was the country estate of the Russian playwright and writer Anton Chekhov, where he lived from March 1892 until August 1899, and where he wrote some of his most famous plays and stories, including The Seagull and Uncle Vanya.〔Orlov, pg. 130〕 It is located about forty miles south of Moscow near Chekhov. It is now a museum. ==Chekhov at Melikhovo== After his return from Sakhalin island in 1891, Chekhov wrote in a letter: "If I am a doctor, then I need sick people and a hospital; if I am a writer, then I need to live among people, and not on Malaya Dimotrovka ( street in Moscow. )... I need a piece of social and political life,".〔Chekhov letters, Volume 4, pg. 287 Translation by D. Siefkin.〕 Besides his desire to be a more active doctor, Chekhov wanted to move to the country to improve his health, which had suffered from his trip to Sakhalin.〔Orlov, pg. 117〕 A small country house owned by Nikolai Sorokhtin, a set decorator for the Hermitage summer garden theater in Moscow, was on the market. it was located in the small settlement of Melikhovo, which in 1890 had three country estates and a population of three hundred. The wooden house had been built in the 1840s in the Russian neoclassical style, and Sorokhtin had remodeled it in a more picturesque style. Sorokhtin ran short of funds and in the beginning of 1892 he placed an advertisement in the newspaper ''Moskovskiy Vedomosti''. Chekhov saw the advertisement, met with him on February 2, 1892, and purchased the house. The Chekhov family moved there on March 1, 1892, and Chekhov himself arrived on March 4.〔Orlov, pg. 118.〕 Chekhov lived in the one-story main house with his mother, his sister, Maria Pavlovna Chekhova, and his father, Pavel Yegorovich Chekhov. He had his study and library with a desk by a window looking at the garden. His desk portraits of the writers and artists he most admired; Lev Tolstoy, Ivan Turgenev, Peter Tchaikovsky, Dmitry Grigorovich, and Viktor Goltsev. In his early years at Melikhovo, his study also served as his medical office, where he saw patients. Sick residents of the region began gathering outside the house from five to six o'clock in the morning. He kept medicines in a cabinet on the wall of his study for his patients. He was particularly busy during the cholera epidemic which struck Russia in 1892 and 1893; he was responsible for the medical care for 26 villages, seven factories, and a monastery in the region.〔Orlov, pg, 139-145〕 Chekhov also took a strong interest in education. He visited the local village schools, and found the conditions deplorable and the teachers underpaid and uninispired. One teacher he met, in the village of Talezh, a young man with a wife and four children raising a family on an income of 23 rubles a month, probably inspired the character Medvedenko in ''The Seagull''.〔Orlov pg. 227.〕 In 1896 built a new school for the children of Talezh, a school for Novosyelka the next year, and in 1899 built a new school in Melikhovo. He also donated furniture and textbooks for the schools. In 1892 Chekhov made his first improvement on the estate, building a new cookhouse and room for the house maids. Meals were prepared for Chekhov and his family in guests by his long-time cook Maria Dormidontovna Belenovskaya, and the servants ate in kitchen. In the summer of 1894, Chekhov had constructed a small two-story guest cottage not far from the house, with a terrace overlooking the garden. The lower floor served as his new medical reception room, and the upper floor as a guest room and as a room for writing away from the noise of the main house. In November 1895 Chekhov completed ''The Seagull'' in this house, and in 1896 he finished Uncle Vanya there. In 1898, upon his return from Nice, in France, he wrote a trilogy of three famous stories there: ''The Man in a Case'', ''About Love'', and ''Gooseberries''. In May 1899, after the success of the Seagull at the Moscow Art Theater, he invited the leading actress of the play, Olga Knipper, to visit him. She stayed in the guest cottage for three days in mid-May 1899. She married Chekhov in May 1901.〔Orlov, pg. 209-210.〕 As his tuberculosis became worse, Chekhov was forced to abandon his estate and move to the south, to a house in Yalta. He sold the Melikhovo to a timber merchant on August 18, 1899, and spent his last day there on August 25, 1899. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Melikhovo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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