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Melilotus
''Melilotus'', known as melilot, sweet-clover, and kumoniga (from the Cumans),〔Bulgarian Folk Customs, Mercia MacDermott, pg 27〕 is a genus in the family Fabaceae. Members are known as common grassland plants and as weeds of cultivated ground. Originally from Europe and Asia, it is now found worldwide.
This legume is commonly named for its sweet smell, which is due to the presence of coumarin in its tissues. Coumarin, though responsible for the sweet smell of hay and newly mowed grass, has a bitter taste, and, as such, possibly acts as a means for the plant to discourage consumption by animals.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 accessdate=2011-11-26 )〕 Fungi (including ''Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium'', and ''Mucor''〔Edwards WC, Burrows GE, Tyr RJ: 1984, ''Toxic plants of Oklahoma:clovers''. Okla Vet Med Assoc 36:30-32.〕) can convert coumarin into dicoumarol, a toxic anticoagulant. Consequently, dicoumarol may be found in decaying sweet-clover, and was the cause of the so-called sweet-clover disease, recognized in cattle in the 1920s.
==Uses==
''Melilotus'' species are eaten by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, such as those of the genus ''Coleophora'', including ''C. frischella'' and ''C. trifolii''.
''Melilotus'', often used as a green manure, can be turned into the soil to increase its nitrogen and organic matter content. It is especially valuable in heavy soils because of its deep rooting. However, it may fail if the soil is too acidic. It should be turned into the soil when 8 to 10 inches tall. Unscarified seed is best sown in spring when the ground is not too dry; scarified seed is better sown in late fall or even in the snow, so it will germinate before competing weeds the following spring.〔''Five Acres and Independence'' by M.G. Kains. 1973.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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