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MenAfriVac
MenAfriVac is a vaccine developed for use in sub-Saharan Africa that protects infants under one year old to people up to 29 years of age against meningococcal bacterium ''Neisseria meningitidis'' group A. MenAfriVac costs under US$0.50 per dose and reduces transmission of the bacteria between people.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=WHO grants approval for safe, effective meningitis A vaccine for infants )〕 The Meningitis Vaccine Project, a partnership between the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH) and the World Health Organization, worked with a consortium of international partners to develop the vaccine.
== History ==
The largest meningitis epidemic in African history swept across sub-Saharan Africa from 1996 to 1997, numbering 250,000 new cases and taking 25,000 lives. Three years later, the World Health Organization (WHO) held a technical consultation in Cairo, Egypt with African ministers of health and global health leaders to discuss meningitis and the development of a new vaccine. At that meeting, representatives from eight African countries issued a statement saying that the development of a meningococcal vaccine to prevent epidemics was a high priority for them, and concluded that a conjugate meningococcal vaccine would have the potential to prevent future epidemics. They estimated that the new vaccine could become available in three to seven years for US$ 0.40 to $ 1 a dose, providing protection for at least ten years.
A year later, in 2001, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided a ten-year, $70 million grant to establish the Meningitis Vaccine Project, a partnership between PATH and WHO. The foundation charged the new project with development, testing, licensure and mass introduction of a meningococcal conjugate vaccine. In 2002, the collaboration supported reinforced meningitis surveillance activities in 12 countries in Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Nigeria and Togo. The surveillance indicated an increased risk of outbreaks in the future and the continued need for a vaccine. MenAfriVac became available for widespread use in African meningitis belt countries in 2010.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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