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Mengistu Haile Mariam
Mengistu Haile Mariam ((アムハラ語:መንግስቱ ኃይለ ማርያም), pronounced (:mənɡɨstu haɪlə marjam); born 21 May 1937) is an Ethiopian politician who was the most prominent officer of the Derg, the Communist military junta that governed Ethiopia from 1974 to 1987, and the President of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia from 1987 to 1991. Mengistu has ethnic Konso ancestry from his mother side and Amhara ancestry from his father. Effectively a dictator, he oversaw the Ethiopian Red Terror of 1977–1978, a campaign of repression against the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party and other anti-Derg factions. Mengistu fled to Zimbabwe in 1991 at the conclusion of the Ethiopian Civil War and remains there despite an Ethiopian court verdict finding him guilty ''in absentia'' of genocide. Estimates of the number of deaths for which he was responsible range from 500,000 to over 2,000,000.〔Fitzgerald, ''Tyrant for the taking'' in 〕〔Rapoport, ''Knives Are Out'' in 〕
==Early life==
Mengistu's father, Haile Mariam Wolde Ayana, was born 80 km west of Addis Ababa in a place called Furii. He was an ethnic Amhara in the service of the Shoan landowner ''Afenegus'' Eshete Geda, who had encountered Haile Mariam while he was on a hunting expedition in the administrative district of Gimira and Maji, then under the governorship of ''Dejazmach'' Taye Gulilat. He later became an enlisted man in the Ethiopian army.〔Dr. Paulos Milkia, ("Mengistu Haile Mariam: The Profile of a Dictator" ), reprinted from the February 1994 ''Ethiopian Review'' (accessed 30 July 2009)〕 ''Afenegus'' Eshete Geda was the half-brother of ''Dejazmach'' Kebede Tessema's wife, Woizero Yitateku Kidane, and it was through this connection that Mengistu's parents are alleged to have met. Unsubstantiated accounts allege that Mengistu's mother, an ethnic Konso, was the illegitimate daughter of ''Dejazmach'' Kebede Tessema, a high ranking nobleman and Crown Councilor to Emperor Haile Selassie, and himself suspected of being the illegitimate son of Emperor Menelik II. These rumors of Mengistu being the grandson of ''Dejazmach'' Kebede are widely believed, but have never been confirmed by either Mengistu himself or by the late nobleman's family.
Mengistu was born on 21 May 1937 in Addis Ababa. His mother died during childbirth when Mengistu was only 8 years old. After the death of his mother, Mengistu and his two siblings went to live with their grandmother for a few years. He then came back to live with his father and soon after joined the army at a very young age. Mengistu's father was very proud of his son's achievements, though some people believe the Ethiopian popular account that states that his family was far from proud of his political accomplishments.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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