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In psychology, mentalization is the ability to understand the mental state, of oneself or others, that underlies overt behaviour.〔(UCL (Psychoanalysis Unit) Peter Fonagy's Homepage )〕 Mentalization can be seen as a form of imaginative mental activity that lets us perceive and interpret human behaviour in terms of intentional mental states (e.g., needs, desires, feelings, beliefs, goals, purposes, and reasons).〔(Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder. Workshop on Mentalisation Based Treatment. Anthony Bateman & Peter Fonagy )〕〔Fonagy, P., Gergely, G., Jurist, E.L., Target, M. (2002). Affect regulation, mentalization and the development of the self. New York; Other Press〕 Another term that David Wallin has used for mentalization is "Thinking about thinking". While the Theory of Mind has been discussed in philosophy at least since Descartes, the concept of mentalization emerged in psychoanalytic literature in the late 1960s, and became empirically tested in 1983 when Heinz Wimmer and Josef Perner ran the first experiment to investigate when children can understand false belief, inspired by Daniel Dennett's interpretation of a Punch and Judy scene. The field diversified in the early 1990s when Simon Baron-Cohen and Uta Frith, building on the Wimmer and Perner study, and others merged it with research on the psychological and biological mechanisms underlying autism and schizophrenia. Concomitantly, Peter Fonagy and colleagues applied it to developmental psychopathology in the context of attachment relationships gone awry.〔Allen, J. P., Fonagy, P. (Eds.), Handbook of Mentalization-Based Treatment. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons〕 More recently, several child mental health researchers such as Arietta Slade,〔Slade, A. (2005). Parental reflective functioning: An introduction. Attachment and Human Development, 7(3), 269-283.〕 John Grienenberger,〔Grienenberger JF, Kelly K, Slade A (2005). Maternal reflective functioning, mother-infant affective communication, and infant attachment: Exploring the link between mental states and observed caregiving behavior in the intergenerational transmission of attachment. Attachment & Human Development, 7(3), 299-311.〕 Alicia Lieberman,〔Lieberman, A.F., Van Horn, P., Ippen, C.G. (2005). Towards evidence-based treatment: Child-parent psychotherapy with preschoolers exposed to marital violence. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 1241-1248. 〕 Daniel Schechter,〔Schechter DS, Myers MM, Brunelli SA, Coates SW, Zeanah CH, Davies M, Grienenberger JF, Marshall RD, McCaw JE, Trabka KA, Liebowitz MR (2006). Traumatized mothers can change their minds about their toddlers: Understanding how a novel use of videofeedback supports positive change of maternal attributions. Infant Mental Health Journal, 27(5), 429-448.〕 and Susan Coates〔Coates, S.W. (1998). Having a Mind of One's Own and Holding the Other In Mind. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 8, 115-148.〕 have applied mentalization both to research on parenting and to clinical interventions with parents, infants, and young children. Mentalization has implications for attachment theory and self-development. According to Peter Fonagy, individuals without proper attachment (e.g., due to physical, psychological, or sexual abuse), can have greater difficulty developing mentalization-abilities. Attachment history partially determines the strength of mentalizing capacity of individuals. Securely-attached individuals tend to have had a primary caregiver that has more complex and sophisticated mentalizing abilities. As a consequence, these children possess more robust capacities to represent the states of their own and other people’s minds. Early childhood exposure to mentalization can protect the individual from psychosocial adversity.〔〔(Mechanisms of change in mentalization-based treatment of BPD. ) J Clin Psychol. 2006 Apr;62(4):411-30. Fonagy P, Bateman AW.〕 This theory needs further empirical support. ==See also== * AMBIT (Adolescent Mentalization-Based Integrative Treatment) * Mentalization based treatment * Metacognition 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mentalization」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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