|
::''This article is about the village on the Wirral Peninsula. See also Meols Cop for the Southport suburb.'' Meols is a village on the northern coast of the Wirral Peninsula, England. It is contiguous with the larger town of Hoylake, situated immediately to the west. Historically in Cheshire, since 1 April 1974 it has been a part of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral in the metropolitan county of Merseyside. The 2001 Census recorded the population of Meols as 5,110 (2,380 males, 2,730 females). The population of Meols was no longer recorded at the Census 2011. For more general statistics see Meols (Ward). == History == Meols was named as such by the Vikings; its original name from the Old Norse for 'sand dunes' was ''melr'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Field Archaeology: Meols, Medieval & after )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Wirral & West Lancs 1100th Viking Anniversary )〕 becoming ''melas'' by the time of the Domesday Survey.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cheshire (L-Z) )〕 Impressive archaeological finds dating back to the Neolithic period suggest that the site was an important centre in antiquity. Since about 1810, a large number of artefacts have been found relating to pre-Roman Carthage, the Iron Age, the Roman Empire, Armenia, the Anglo-Saxons and the Vikings.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Lost Villages of Wirral )〕 These include items as varied as coins which belonged to the Coriosolites in Brittany. Also, tokens, brooches, pins, knives, glass beads, keys, pottery, flint tools, mounts, pilgrim badges, pieces of leather, worked wood and iron tools. They came to be discovered after the beginning of large-scale dredging (to accommodate the needs of the nearby growing seaport of Liverpool) started to cause notable sand erosion along the coastline near Meols. These finds suggest that the site was used as a port as far back as the Iron Age some 2,400 years ago, and was once the most important seaport in the present-day North West England. Thus trading connections are believed to have reached far across Europe.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Field Archaeology: Meols, An ancient port )〕 Some of these artefacts are on display locally, at the Museum of Liverpool. In the 1890s the local authorities built the first sea wall. The rapidly eroding coastline was saved, but the sea wall changed the currents and archaeological sites at Meols were buried in the sand.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.merseybasin.org.uk/archive/assets/145/original/Before_the_Storm_-_Edwin_Colyer.pdf ) 〕 The remains of a submerged forest off Dove Point have now also disappeared but they were visible until the spring of 1982.〔 *, 1913. ''Submerged Forests''. The Cambridge Manuals of Science and Literature, Cambridge University Press, 129 pp.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://hoylakeandwestkirby.com/#/meols-early-history/4538163143 )〕 On 10 September 2007, Professor Stephen Harding of the University of Nottingham, used ground penetrating radar (GPR) equipment to pinpoint the location of a 1,000-year-old Viking transport longship (Nordic clinker design) beneath of clay in Meols. The ship had been previously uncovered in 1938 during excavation of a car park. Workers at the time covered the ship over again so as not to delay construction.〔(BBC NEWS, Viking ship 'buried beneath pub' )〕 Meols was formerly called Great Meols. It was a township in West Kirby Parish of the Wirral Hundred, becoming part of Hoylake cum West Kirby civil parish in 1894. Great Meols had a population of 140 in 1801, 170 in 1851 and 821 in 1901.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=GENUKI UK & Ireland Genealogy )〕 The name Great Meols survives in the name of the primary school〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Great Meols Primary School website )〕 and the Anglican church. It was still in more general use up to the 1960s, for instance in postal addresses and on the destination indicators of buses from Chester, but not as the name of the railway station. There also used to be a village called Little Meols, on Meols Drive between Hoylake and West Kirby The name Little Meols fell out of use in Victorian times, having been absorbed by Hoylake. From 123 inhabitants in 1801 and 170 in 1851, by 1901 at 2,850, its population had outstripped Great Meols.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=GENUKI UK & Ireland Genealogy )〕 Meols was known to be spelt as ''Meolse''〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Little Meols )〕 up until when the railway station was placed. The error came about at the time of the station's construction, when rail managers took the spelling of Meols from the Southport suburb of Meols Cop and used it for new signage. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Meols」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|