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| linking_name = Mercosur | image_symbol = Flag of Mercosur.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | symbol_width = 220px | motto = | image_map = MERCOSUR (orthographic projection).svg | map_width = 220px | map_caption = Dark green: Full members. | admin_center_type = Headquarters | admin_center = | largest_settlement_type = cities | largest_settlement = | languages_type = Official languages | languages = | membership = | ethnic_groups = | ethnic_groups_year = 2011b | org_type = Intergovernmental | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = Horacio Cartes Paraguay | established_event1 = Treaty of Asunción | established_date1 = 26 March 1991 | established_event2 = | established_date2 = 16 December 1994 | area_rank = 2ndb | area_magnitude = 1 E13 | area_km2 = 12795579 | area_sq_mi = | percent_water = 1.0 | population_estimate = 288,996,820〔 | population_estimate_rank = 4thb | population_estimate_year = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 21.8 | population_density_sq_mi = 56.5 | population_density_rank = 195thb | GDP_PPP = | GDP_PPP_rank = 5thb | GDP_PPP_year = 2013 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = US$15,219 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 58ndb | GDP_nominal = | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini_year = | Gini_change = | Gini = | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2011 | HDI_change = increase | HDI = 0.731 | HDI_ref =〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Human Development Report 2011. Human development indices. p.23 )〕 | HDI_rank = 76thb | currency = | footnote_a = Pardo, Mestizo, etc. | footnote_b = Considering Mercosur as a single entity. | footnote_c = ''Pro tempore''. }} Mercosur or Mercosul (, (ポルトガル語:Mercado Comum do Sul), (グアラニー語:Ñemby Ñemuha), ''Southern Common Market'') is a sub-regional bloc. Its full members are Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela. Its associate countries are Chile, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador and Suriname.〔http://dagbladdewest.com/2015/07/20/suriname-en-guyana-officieel-geassocieerd-lid-mercosur/〕 Observer countries are New Zealand and Mexico. Its purpose is to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods, people, and currency. The official languages are Spanish, Portuguese and Guarani. It has been updated, amended, and changed many times since. It is now a full customs union and a trading bloc. Mercosur and the Andean Community of Nations are customs unions that are components of a continuing process of South American integration connected to the Union of South American Nations. == History == Mercosur was established in 1991 by the Treaty of Asunción, which was later amended and updated by the 1994 Treaty of Ouro Preto. Mercosur originated in 1985, when presidents Raúl Alfonsín of Argentina and José Sarney of Brazil signed the ''Argentina-Brazil Integration and Economics Cooperation Program'' or PICE (Portuguese: Programa de Integração e Cooperação Econômica Argentina-Brasil, Spanish: Programa de Integración y Cooperación Económica Argentina-Brasil). The program also proposed the Gaucho as a currency for regional trade. The founding of the Mercosur Parliament was agreed upon at the December 2004 presidential summit. It was expected to have 18 representatives from each country by 2010, regardless of population. Full membership for Venezuela became effective on 31 July 2012,〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Venezuela irrumpe en el Mercosur )〕 after the suspension of Paraguay for the violation of the Democratic Clause of Mercosur (''see Impeachment of Fernando Lugo''). Previously, on 17 June 2006, Venezuela had signed a membership agreement. The presidents of the Mercosur countries (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Venezuela) said on July 2013 that they would lift the suspension after the inauguration of Paraguay's newly elected President, Mr. Cartes, on 15 August 2013. However, Paraguay said it would not return to the Mercosur fold as long as Venezuela held its rotating presidency. Venezuela holds Mercosur's rotating presidency until July 2014. Paraguay has objected to Venezuela's inclusion in the trading bloc, and says that a new member can only be included after a unanimous vote and argues that such a vote should not have been held while Paraguay was suspended.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Paraguay's President Horacio Cartes sworn in )〕 Foreign Minister Eladio Loizaga said he would rather deal with Paraguay's neighbours individually at first. "We have pending issues with Argentina, with Uruguay; we have to recompose all that," he said. "Mercosur will be later because our priority are the bilateral relations," he added.〔 On 7 December 2012, Bolivian President Evo Morales signed a protocol aimed at accession to full membership of the block. But, such a proposal requires review and possible legislative approval to be valid 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mercosur」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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