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Merdeka is a word in the Indonesian and Malay language meaning independent or free. It is derived from the Sanskrit ''maharddhika'' meaning "rich, prosperous and powerful". In the Malay archipelago, this term had acquired the meaning of a freed slave. The term ''Mardijker'' is a Dutch corruption of the Portuguese version of the original Sanskrit words and was used to designate former Portuguese and Dutch slaves from India in the East Indies, known as Mardijkers, whence the Malay meaning of "free(dom)" is derived. Mardijker are the former Catholic slaves brought from India and the East Indies that were liberated by the Dutch if they abandoned Catholicism and embraced the Dutch Reformed Church.〔(Mardijker )〕 The term was significant during the anticolonialist and pro-independence movements of the colonies of Indonesia, Malaya, and Singapore, in the history of Indonesia, history of Malaysia, and in the history of Singapore. It became a battle-cry for those demanding independence from the colonial administrations of the Netherlands and United Kingdom. In the southern Philippine island of Mindanao, the Moro people belonging to major ethno-linguistic groups of Meranaw, Maguindanaw and Iranun, use ''maradeka'' in the same meaning as freedom or liberation and freedom group there is called Maradeka. The Tagalog term ''maharlika'' has the same Sanskrit origins as the Malay ''merdeka'' and means freeman, ''libertos'' or Freedman in classical Philippine society. ==Indonesia== The term merdeka was used in Indonesia in a similar way to designate freedom from the Dutch colonial government during the struggle for independence in the 1940s.〔http://www.insideindonesia.org/content/view/441/29/ Showing the usage of the term by the Indonesian poet Charil Anwar〕 Republic of Indonesia declared its ''Hari Kemerdekaan Indonesia'' or Proclamation of Indonesian Independence on 17 August 1945, and it has become national holiday and commemorated annually ever since. During the struggle of independence in 1945 to 1949, it was used as a national salute of victory and honor, by raising open palms as high as the head and shouting out loud "Merdeka!" From here many slogans came, such as "Sekali Merdeka tetap Merdeka!" (Freedom once and for all) or "Merdeka atau Mati" (Freedom or death). This was intended to raise the morale of all the people of Indonesia to continue to fight against the Dutch and the Allied forces trying to re-establish control over Indonesia; it was so important that even it became a Government Edict on 31 August 1945. On 1 September it was mentioned by the president Soekarno in his short speech: ''"Since today we will cry out loud, ''"Merdeka!"'' Continue on that loud battle cry, as the soul calls out loud for freedom! A soul of freedom, one of fighting and working spirit! TO FIGHT AND TO WORK! Prove it!"'' The name "Merdeka" is used as the name of Indonesian stately places, such as Merdeka Palace and Merdeka Square in central Jakarta, also Merdeka Building in Bandung. Nowadays the Acehnese and West Papuan autonomy movements currently use the term to express the concept of freedom, and the meaning of the term ranges from greater freedom to outright political independence. The major autonomy movement in Aceh, the Free Aceh Movement has the term in its name (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka), as does the major armed independence group in West Papua, the Free Papua Movement (Organisasi Papua Merdeka). Nowadays too, some conservative and Nationalists had re-thought the 'Merdeka' stance of Indonesia, many question related to it such as "Apakah kita benar-benar sudah merdeka?" (Had we been really independent?). They used the term Merdeka as a motivational battle cry to the public for a change against the increasing free-fight liberalism, globalization, and neo-imperialism in terms of capitalism in Indonesia, though the word "Semangat Reformasi" (Spirit of the Reformation) had since now more been used. "Merdeka" is also used in the National Anthem of Indonesia. ''Indonesia Raya, Merdeka,Merdeka! Tanahku, Negeriku yang Kucinta. Indonesia Raya, Merdeka,Merdeka! Hiduplah Indonesia Raya!'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Merdeka」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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