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''Mergus''〔 is the genus of the typical mergansers, fish-eating ducks in the seaduck subfamily (Merginae). The hooded merganser, often termed ''Mergus cucullatus'', is not of this genus but closely related. The other "aberrant" merganser, the smew (''Mergellus albellus''), is phylogenetically closer to goldeneyes (''Bucephala''). Although they are seaducks, most of the mergansers prefer riverine habitats, with only the red-breasted merganser being common at sea. These large fish-eaters typically have black-and-white, brown and/or green hues in their plumage, and most have somewhat shaggy crests. All have serrated edges to their long and thin bills that help them grip their prey. Along with the smew and hooded merganser, they are therefore often known as "sawbills". The goldeneyes, on the other hand, feed mainly on mollusks, and therefore have a more typical duck-bill.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.birdweb.org/birdweb/bird/common_goldeneye )〕 Mergus are also classified as "divers" because they go completely under-water in looking for food. In other traits, however, the genera ''Mergus'', ''Lophodytes'', ''Mergellus'', and ''Bucephala'' are very similar; uniquely among all Anseriformes, they do not have notches at the hind margin of their sternum, but holes surrounded by bone.〔 ==Species== * †Auckland merganser, ''Mergus australis'' (extinct, c.1902) * Common merganser or goosander, ''Mergus merganser'' * Brazilian merganser, ''Mergus octosetaceus'' * Red-breasted merganser, ''Mergus serrator'' * Scaly-sided merganser, ''Mergus squamatus'' Some fossil members of this genus have been described: * †''Mergus miscellus'' is known from the Middle Miocene Calvert Formation (Barstovian, c.14 million years ago) of Virginia, USA. * †''Mergus connectens'' lived in the Early Pleistocene about 1–2 million years ago, in Central and Eastern Europe.〔 The Early Oligocene booby ''"Sula" ronzoni'' was at first mistakenly believed to be a typical merganser.〔Mlíkovský (2002b): p. 264〕 A Late Serravallian (12–13 million years ago) fossil sometimes attributed to ''Mergus'', found in the Sajóvölgyi Formation of Mátraszõlõs, Hungary, probably belongs to ''Mergellus''.〔 The affiliations of the mysterious ''"Anas" albae'' from the Messinian (c. 5–7 million years ago) of Hungary are undetermined; it was initially believed to be a typical merganser too.〔Mlíkovský (2002b): p. 124〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mergus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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