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Merkheperre
Merkheperre was an Egyptian pharaoh of the late 13th Dynasty of Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period reigning some time between 1663 BC and 1649 BC.〔K.S.B. Ryholt, ''The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c.1800–1550 BC'', Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997, (excerpts available online here. )〕 As such Merkheperre would have reigned either over Upper Egypt from Thebes or over Middle and Upper Egypt from Memphis. At the time, the Eastern Nile Delta was under the domination of the 14th Dynasty.
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== Attestations ==
Merkheperre appears on the Turin canon, a king list compiled in the early Ramesside period.〔 According to the egyptologist Kim Ryholt, the canon gives his prenomen on the 8th column, line 17〔 (Gardiner entry 7.22 〔Alan H. Gardiner: ''The Royal Canon of Turin'', Oxford 1959, Vol. III, 6.14, Warminster 1987, ISBN 0-900416-48-3.〕). The Turin papyrus is damaged on the section covering the late 13th dynasty and Merkheperre's reign length is lost in a lacuna.
Merkheperre is also attested by two artefacts dating to his reign: a glazed weight of grey schist bearing his cartouche, now in the Petrie Museum UC 16372〔(Weight of Merkheperre ) on Digital Egypt for Universities〕〔(Catalogue of the Petrie museum )〕 and a scarab inscribed with his name. Although the scarab is accepted as evidence of Merkheperre by Darell Baker, Jürgen von Beckerath, Stephen Quirke and others, Kim Ryholt rejects this attribution.〔Darrell D. Baker: ''The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I - Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC'', Stacey International, ISBN 978-1-905299-37-9, 2008, p. 214〕 Ryholt points to its lack of royal attributes and insignia as well as its stylistic features which depart from other royal seals of the 13th dynasty. Rather, Ryholt proposes that the scarab simply represents Kheper pushing the sun.〔
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