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Merikare
Merikare (also Merykare and Merykara) was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the 10th Dynasty lived towards the end of the First Intermediate Period. His name can't be recognized in the Turin King List; also his dates are uncertain.
==Reign==
According to many scholars, he ruled at the end of the 10th Dynasty〔Flinders Petrie, ''(A History of Egypt, from the Earliest Times to the XVIth Dynasty )'' (1897), pp. 115-16.〕〔William C. Hayes, op. cit. p. 996.〕〔Nicolas Grimal, ''A History of Ancient Egypt'', Oxford, Blackwell Books, 1992, pp. 141–45.〕〔〔Michael Rice, ''Who is who in Ancient Egypt'', 1999 (2004), Routledge, London, ISBN 0-203-44328-4, p. 113.〕 following his father's long reign in his middle-age. The identity of his predecessor (the so-called "Khety III" who was the purported author of the ''Teaching for King Merikare'') is still a question of debate among Egyptologists. Some scholars tends to identify Merikare's predecessor with Wahkare Khety.〔William C. Hayes, op. cit. p. 466–67.〕〔〔 These ''sebayt'' ("teachings", in ancient Egyptian) – possibly composed under the reign of Merikare himself and fictitiously attributed to his father – are a collection of precepts for good governance. The text also mentions the eastern borders, recently secured but still in need of the king's attention.〔William C. Hayes, op. cit. p. 237.〕 In the text, Merikare's unnamed father mentions having sacked Thinis, but he advises Merikare to deal more leniently with the troublesome Upper Egyptian realms.〔
Once coronated, around 2075 BCE,〔Miriam Lichtheim, ''Ancient Egyptian Literature'', vol. 2. pp. 97-109. University of California Press 1980, ISBN 0-520-02899-6, p. 97.〕 Merikare wisely resigned himself to the existence of two separate kingdoms (the Herakleopolite and the Theban ones) and tried to maintain the policy of peaceful coexistence achieved by his father.〔 It seems that the period of peace brought a certain amount of prosperity to Merikare's realm.〔 Some time later, the pharaoh himself was forced to sail up the Nile with his court on a great fleet. Once he reached Asyut, the king installed the loyalist nomarch Khety II, who succeeded his deceased father Tefibi.〔 After this installation, Merikare advanced farther upstream to the town of Shashotep, likely to quell a revolt, and at the same time as a show of force to the turbulent southern border areas.〔Alan Gardiner, ''Egypt of the Pharaohs. An introduction'', Oxford University Press, 1961, p. 113.〕
Merikare died in c. 2040 BCE, few months before the fall of Herakleopolis. Thus, the final defeat by the hand of the Thebans, led by Mentuhotep II of the 11th Dynasty, was likely inflicted upon an ephemeral, unnamed successor.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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