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Metamotivation
Metamotivation is a term coined by Abraham Maslow to describe the motivation of people who are self-actualized and striving beyond the scope of their basic needs to reach their full potential. Maslow suggested that people are initially motivated by a series of basic needs,〔Goble, F. The Third Force: The Psychology of Abraham Maslow. Richmond, Ca: Maurice Bassett Publishing, 1970. Pg. 62.〕 called the hierarchy of needs. Maslow states, "Self-actualizing people are gratified in all their basic needs (of belongingness, affection, respect, and self-esteem)".〔Maslow, A. Farther Reaches of Human Nature. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1971. Pg 299.〕 Once a person has successfully navigated the hierarchy of needs thus satisfying all their basic needs, Maslow proposed they then travel "a path called growth motivation".〔Rajamanickam, M. Contemporary Fields Of Psychology And Experiments. New Delhi, India: Ashok Kumar Mittal, 1999. Pg 142.〕
Maslow believed we must make a distinction between the motives of those who operate at or below the level of self-actualization (ones still striving for their basic needs, or ones who have met their basic needs but still live without purpose), and those who are self-actualized who are also with significant purpose, as their motivations differ significantly.〔Maslow, A. Farther Reaches of Human Nature. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1971. Pg 300.〕 Deficiency needs (D-needs) motivate people to satisfy physiological needs such as hunger, sex, love, whereas being needs (B-needs) propel a person beyond self-actualization and drive them to fulfill their inherent ultimate potential.〔Engler, B. Personality Theories. 8th Edition. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 2009. Pg 351.〕
== In Maslow's view ==
Maslow had an optimistic and humanistic view of humanity.〔Schultz, D, and Schultz, S. Theories of Personality. 9th. New York, NY: Wadsworth, 2009. Pg. 214.〕 He regarded people's innate drive towards self-actualization beneficial to society as a whole.〔Zastrow, C, and Kirst-Ashman, K. Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment. 9th Edition. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, 2010. Pg 448.〕 In Maslow's view, once people's basic needs were met, they were free to explore their abilities and strive to further develop those innate abilities.〔 Driven by Metamotivation people are more spontaneous and free to be themselves, while exploring their ultimate potentials and creating a fulfilled life.
Not all people that satisfy their basic needs automatically become driven by B-needs. In his landmark book, Farther Reaches of Human Nature, Maslow stated that people who are self-actualizing and driven by metamotivation "are dedicated people, devoted to some task 'outside themselves,' some vocation, or duty, or beloved job". Maslow goes on to say that such a calling could be construed as a destiny or fate and that such people are particularly talented in their field and could be called naturals.〔Maslow, A. Farther Reaches of Human Nature. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1971. Pg 301.〕
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