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Metaphilosophy (sometimes called philosophy of philosophy) is "the investigation of the nature of philosophy".〔 Its subject matter includes the aims of philosophy, the boundaries of philosophy, and its methods.〔 〕 It is considered by some to be a subject apart from philosophy,〔 See for example, 〕 while others see it as automatically a part of philosophy,〔 For example, see 〕 and still others see it as a combination of these subjects.〔 The interest in metaphilosophy led to the establishment of the journal ''Metaphilosophy'' in January 1970.〔 The journal (describes its scope ) as: "Particular areas of interest include: the foundation, scope, function and direction of philosophy; justification of philosophical methods and arguments; the interrelations among schools or fields of philosophy (for example, the relation of logic to problems in ethics or epistemology); aspects of philosophical systems; presuppositions of philosophical schools; the relation of philosophy to other disciplines (for example, artificial intelligence, linguistics or literature); sociology of philosophy; the relevance of philosophy to social and political action; issues in the teaching of philosophy." 〕 ==Relationship to philosophy== Some philosophers consider metaphilosophy to be a subject apart from philosophy, above or beyond it,〔 See for example, 〕 while others object to that idea.〔 For example, see 〕 Timothy Williamson argues that the philosophy of philosophy is "automatically part of philosophy", as is the philosophy of anything else.〔 Nicholas Bunnin and Jiyuan Yu write that the separation of first- from second-order study has lost popularity as philosophers find it hard to observe the distinction. As evidenced by these contrasting opinions, debate remains as to whether the evaluation of the nature of philosophy is 'second order philosophy' or simply 'plain philosophy'. Many philosophers have expressed doubts over the value of metaphilosophy.〔 〕 Among them is Gilbert Ryle : "preoccupation with questions about methods tends to distract us from prosecuting the methods themselves. We run as a rule, worse, not better, if we think a lot about our feet. So let us... not speak of it all but just do it."〔 Quoted by 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Metaphilosophy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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