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A metaplasm〔From Greek μεταπλασμός, from μεταπλάσσειν "mold into a different shape."〕 is a change in the orthography (and hence phonology) of a word. Originally it referred to techniques used in Ancient Greek and Latin poetry, or processes in those languages' grammar. ==Sound change== Many poetic metaplasms are useful for describing processes in the natural development of languages: * Epenthesis, addition of a sound to a word: * * beginning of a word (prothesis) * * end (paragoge) * Synalepha, two syllables becoming one, occurs by elision, crasis, synaeresis, or synizesis. * * Elision ("contraction" in English grammar), removal of a sound: * * *beginning of a word (apheresis) * * * middle (syncope) * * * end (apocope). * * Crasis (Ancient Greek contraction), coalescence of two vowels into a new long vowel. * * Synaeresis, pronunciation of two vowels as a diphthong. Opposite: diaeresis, pronunciation of a diphthong as two syllabic vowels. * * Synizesis, pronunciation of two vowels that do not form a normal diphthong as one syllable, without change in writing. Opposite: hiatus, distinct pronunciation of two adjacent vowels. * Metathesis, rearranging of sounds or features of sounds, may affect vowel lengths (quantitative metathesis). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Metaplasm」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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