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MiR-203
In molecular biology miR-203 is a short non-coding RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms, such as translational repression and Argonaute-catalyzed messenger RNA cleavage. miR-203 has been identified as a skin-specific microRNA, and it forms an expression gradient that defines the boundary between proliferative epidermal basal progenitors and terminally differentiating suprabasal cells. It has also been found upregulated in psoriasis and differentially expressed in some types of cancer.
== Introduction ==
MicroRNAs are short (20-22nt), non-coding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by pairing with their 3’ UTR and affecting their stability〔 or directing their silencing or degradation.〔 MicroRNAs are likely to play roles in most cellular processes, including proliferation, development, differentiation and apoptosis.〔 They are located in intergenic and intragenic regions, and are transcribed as pri-miRNA by RNA polymerase II or RNA polymerase III.〔 They then undergo extensive post-transcriptional modifications, starting with the processing of the pri-miRNA in the nucleus to generate a 70-100 nt long pre-miRNA by ribonucleases Drosha and DGCR8. This pre-miRNA is then transported out of the nucleus by Exportin-5, and is then further processed by Dicer into a mature 18-25 nt long double stranded microRNA. The guide strand of the miRNA is then loaded into RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)〔 and is then able to pair with its target. The passenger strand, denoted by a star, is commonly degraded, though this is not always the case.〔 〕
MiR-203 is a microRNA that is specifically expressed in keratinocytes (the most abundant cell type in the epidermis) and in normal conditions promotes epidermal differentiation by restricting proliferative potential and inducing cell-cycle exit.〔 It does so by repressing p63, an essential regulator of stem cell maintenance in epithelial stratified tissues.〔 Other proposed targets are suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and ABL1.
As is the case with many other microRNAs, miR-203 expression has been found dysregulated in several malignancies, including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and carcinogenesis.〔〔〔〔〔
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