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Microperimetry
Microperimetry, sometimes called Fundus related perimetry, is a type of visual field test〔Glaucoma Diagnosis, Structure and function, pp. 83-92. Edited by Robert N. Weinreb and Erik L. Greve. 2004 Kugler Publications, The Hague, The Netherlands〕 which uses one of several technologies to create a "retinal sensitivity map" of the quantity of light perceived in specific parts of the retina〔Visual Fields, pp. 1-5. Edited by Oxford University Press. David B. Henson.〕 in people who have lost the ability to fixate on an object or light source.
==Usage==
Visual field testing is widely used to monitor pathologies affecting the periphery of vision such as glaucoma. During a conventional test, patients are asked to look steady (fixate) at a visual target, while light stimuli are projected at varying intensities in different retinal locations. This process is not, however, considered accurate in the evaluation of pathologies affecting the central part of the retina (macula and fovea centralis) patients with these pathologies are often unable to fixate reliably. By contrast, fundus perimetry, produces reliable results even in patients with unstable or eccentric fixation.,〔Rohrschneider, K., Bultmann, S., & Springer, C. (2008). ("Use of fundus perimetry (microperimetry) to quantify macular sensitivity" ). Prog Retin Eye Res, 27(5), 536-548. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2008.07.003〕 or advance macular degeneration.
When central vision is compromised, as in the case of macular scotoma, patients develop an eccentric or extra-foveal vision,〔Schuchard R. A. (2005). ("Preferred retinal loci and macular scotoma characteristics in patients with age-related macular degeneration" ). Can J Ophthalmol; 40(3):303-12 doi: 10.1016/s0008-4182(05)80073-0〕 normally with unstable fixation.〔Fujii, G. Y., de Juan, E., Sunness, J., Humayun, M. S., Pieramici, D. J., & Chang, T. S. (2002). ("Patient selection for macular translocation surgery using the scanning laser ophthalmoscope" ). Ophthalmology, 109(9), 1737-1744. doi: S0161-6420(02)01120-X〕
The retinal area used by eccentric viewers to substitute the foveal vision is known as the Preferred Retinal Locus (PRL) In Microperimetry systems, the fundus (eye) is imaged in real time, while an eye tracker compensates eye movements during stimuli projection, allowing correct matching between expected and projected stimulus position onto the retina. Simultaneously, the eye tracker plots the retinal movement during fixation attempt defining the PRL zone as well as fixation stability.〔Midena, E., Radin, P. P., Pilotto, E., Ghirlando, A., Convento, E., & Varano, M. (2004). ("Fixation pattern and macular sensitivity in eyes with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration. A microperimetry study." ) Semin Ophthalmol, 19(1-2), 55-61. doi: 10.1080/08820530490882896〕 Some microperimetry instruments calculate 2 different PRL zones during the examination.〔Morales, M. U., Saker, S., Mehta, R. L., Rubinstein, M., & Amoaku, W. M. (2013). ("Preferred retinal locus profile during prolonged fixation attempts." ) Can J Ophthalmol, 48(5), 368-374. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2013.05.022〕 To create the fundus image an infrared telecamera is used, as in the case of the "Nidek-MP1", or a Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope (SLO),〔Vujosevic, S., Smolek, M. K., Lebow, K. A., Notaroberto, N., Pallikaris, A., & Casciano, M. (2011). ("Detection of macular function changes in early (AREDS 2) and intermediate (AREDS 3) age-related macular degeneration" ). Ophthalmologica, 225(3), 155-160. doi: 10.1159/000320340〕 as in the case of the "Centervue-MAIA".
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