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Midichloria
''Midichloria'' is a genus of Gram-negative, non-sporeforming bacteria, with bacillus shape of ~0.45 µm in diameter and ~1.2 µm in length. First described in 2004 with the temporary name IricES1, ''Midichloria'' are symbionts of the hard tick ''Ixodes ricinus''. They live in the cells of the ovary of the females of this tick species. These bacteria have been observed in the mitochondria of the host cells, a trait that has never been described in any other symbiont of animals. ''Midichloria'' bacteria seem to consume the mitochondria they parasite, possibly using them as a source of energy and/or molecules to multiply. The interaction of these symbionts with their host is currently unknown, though the 100% prevalence in the females of the host tick seems to suggest a mutualistic association.
==Species==
Only one species, ''Midichloria mitochondrii'', is described in this genus. Molecular screenings, however, have detected the presence of related bacteria in other tick species, as well as in other blood-sucking arthropods, suggesting the possibility of horizontal transmission of these bacteria.
It was given its own family, the ''Midichloriaceae'' in the ''Rickettsiales''. Some poorly studied candidate species belonging to this family may include ''Nicolleia massiliensis'' and the unclassified Montezuma strain.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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