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Midyat
Midyat ((クルド語:Midyad), Syriac: ܡܕܝܕ ''Mëḏyaḏ'' or ''Miḏyôyo'' in the local Turoyo dialect, (アラビア語:مديات)) is a town in Mardin Province of Turkey. The ancient city is the center of a centuries-old Hurrian/Hurrian town in Southeast-Turkey, widely familiar under its Syriac name Tur Abdin. A cognate of the name Midyat is first encountered in an inscription of the Neo-Assyrian king Ashur-nasir-pal II (883-859 B.C.). This royal text depicts how Assyrian forces conquered the city and its surrounding villages. In its long history, the city of Midyat has remained politically subjected by various rulers - from the Assyrian Empire to the modern Turks.
==History==
The history of Midyat can be traced back to the Hurrians during the 3rd millennium. Ninth century BC Assyrian tablets refer to Midyat as Matiate, or city of caves due to the caves at eleth 3 km away from the city where the earliest inhabitants lived. Many different empires had ruled over Midyat including the Mitannians, Assyrians, Armenians, Medes, Persia, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Abbasids, Seljuks and Ottomans.〔http://www.christiansofiraq.com/midyat2.html〕
Midyat is a historic center of Assyrians in Turkey, and as late as the Assyrian Genocide took up a majority in the city. During the Gastarbeiter era, The Assyrian population of the city started to gradually diminish from immigration, but the community was still very large. The Assyrians of Tur Abdin were the only significant population of Christians outside of Istanbul, until 1979, when panic overtook the still Assyrian city, because a major Assyrian figure in the City of Dargecit was assassinated and replaced with a Kurd. The Assyrians up until then had control over the local government, and could therefore unify and have power in the case of threats. Soon after the takeover, local Mhallami and Kurdish inhabitants started immigrating into the traditionally Assyrian areas, causing a demographic imbalance and, along with the start of the Turkey-PKK conflict a few years later in 1984, was a death blow to the community not only here, but in all of Tur Abdin. From a population in 1975 of 50,000, taking up 10% of Mardin provinces demographic〔530,000 people recorded in Mardin province census, 1975. Turabdin is mostly in Mardin province.〕 barely 2,000 were left by the end of the conflict in 1999.〔http://www.atour.com/news/assyria/20000531n.html〕 Now only around 3-5,000 live in Tur Abdin, with the other 15-17,000 living in Istanbul.
The churches and houses belonging to Christians have been preserved although many of them are empty, with their owners living away in Europe. At present some 130 Assyrian Christians families continue to live in Midyat permanently, and they have been joined by at least 300 Syrian refugees fleeing the Syrian Civil War.〔http://www.aina.org/news/20140127171559.htm〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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